Med. Pro Praxi 2007; 4(10): 395-399

Ischemická choroba srdeční - péče o pacienta po infarktu myokardu

MUDr. Stanislav Šimek CSc
II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha

Pacient po infarktu myokardu je ohrožen recidivou infarktu, rozvojem srdečního selhání, vznikem diabetes mellitus a poměrně vysokou mortalitou. Hlavními cíly péče je zlepšit jeho dlouhodobou prognózu při co možná nejlepší kvalitě života. Úprava životního stylu včetně nekouření má přinejmenším stejně velký účinek na snížení rizika kardiovaskulárních komplikací jako medikamentózní sekundárně preventivní léčba. Je chybou nevyužít ke změně životosprávy období bezprostředně po akutní fázi infarktu, kdy nemocní bývají pod čerstvými dojmy z průběhu onemocnění více otevření našim doporučením. Zásadní roli v tom může zaujímat lázeňská péče. Medikamentózní léčba nemocných ke snížení rizika smrti je až na výjimky paušální a možno říci povinná. Každý nemocný po infarktu má užívat kyselinu acetylsalicylovou, betablokátor, statin a ACE inhibitor. Po dobu jednoho roku navíc užívá clopidogrel. K tomu přistupuje léčba anginy pectoris, srdečního selhání, arytmií, diabetu nebo hypertenze, pokud jsou přítomny. Podle současných doporučení je vzhledem k vysoké prevalenci diabetes mellitus mezi nemocnými s ischemickou chorobou srdeční nutno u všech pacientů po infarktu myokardu, bez známého diabetu, provádět orální glukózový test. Jedině tak je možné diabetes mellitus s jistotou diagnostikovat. V případě zjištění diabetu nebo poruchy glukózové tolerance je třeba kontrolou glukózového metabolizmu omezit výrazně negativní vliv hyperglykémie na prognózu nemocných.

Keywords: akutní infarkt myokardu, sekundární prevence

Published: December 18, 2007  Show citation

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Šimek S. Ischemická choroba srdeční - péče o pacienta po infarktu myokardu. Med. praxi. 2007;4(10):395-399.
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