Cestování není jen o rizicích…

MUDr. Milan Trojánek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):155

Stigmatization of people with obesity in the context of etiological factors

Mgr. Erika Čermáková, Mgr. Martin Forejt, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):160-163 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.021

Stigmatization of people with obesity is undesirable. However, it is a common phenomenon that can paradoxically reduce the motivation of obese people to improve their lifestyle. It is therefore essential to raise awareness of this problem and to address it in the context of obesity prevention and treatment. Susceptibility to the so-called obesogenic environment, which is at the forefront of the causes of the ever-increasing prevalence of obesity, is influenced by a number of factors. Many of these aetiological factors cannot be influenced by will alone. For this reason, no one with obesity should be stigmatized, especially by health professionals....

The path to slowing the heart failure epidemic in the Czech Republic -how the ESC 2024 recommendations for the treatment of arterial hypertension can be helpful

MUDr. Peter Wohlfahrt, PhD.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):164-167 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.035

In the next 15 years, the prevalence of heart failure in the Czech Republic is expected to increase significantly to double the current number of patients. Heart failure is already a significant burden to the healthcare system, especially due to frequent hospitalisations and high costs of treatment. Effective control of arterial hypertension (AH), the most common cause of heart failure, is a key preventive step to curb this trend. The aim of this article is to present the current epidemio­logical situation in the Czech Republic, to outline the main points of the new European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations and to show how they can contribute...

Recurrent varicosities. Basic definition, causes, and their solution

MUDr. Lukáš Hnátek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):168-172 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.046

Recurrence of varicosities is a relatively common phenomenon accompanying interventional treatment of varicose veins. A number of scientific papers deals with this problem. For its evaluation, it is necessary to respect precisely defined terms such as true recurrence, technical error during the primary procedure, or newly formed source of reflux. To evaluate the extent of CVD involvement with recurrent varicosities, duplex ultrasonography is the best diagnostic procedure. Its detailed performance is crucial to determine the cause of recurrence and also to plan the necessary intervention. The ultrasonographic findings must then be respected when performing...

When to consider secondary hypertension?

MUDr. Barbora Nussbaumerová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):173-175 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.042

Secondary arterial hypertension has a specific and, in some cases, treatable underlying cause. Secondary hypertension should be considered in young hypertensive patients, in those with resistant arterial hypertension, and when typical signs suggestive of a se­condary cause are present. Secondary hypertension may account for up to 15 % of all hypertension cases. Excluding pseudoresistance due to non-adherence to treatment, the most common causes include primary hyperaldosteronism, renoparenchymal or renovascular hypertension, hypercortisolism, pheochromocytoma, sleep apnea syndrome, aortic coarctation, substance or alcohol abuse, the use of certain...

Tobacco/nicotine addiction in daily practice

prof. MUDr. Eva Králíková, CSc., MUDr. Zuzana Adamčeková

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):E1-E4 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.029

In many practices, interest in the diagnosis of F17 ends with an inquiry about smoking or a recommendation to stop. However, this is a disease for which effective treatments exist and should therefore be offered and available in the same way as treatments for other diseases. For example, there are roughly twice as many smokers (1) as diabetics in the Czech Republic, but the treatment options offered do not match this. In addition, other forms of tobacco or nicotine than cigarettes are now available. As a standard, we should ask about the use of all forms of tobacco or smoking, recommend abstinence, inform about treatment, and offer it where appropriate....

Myths and facts about antisecretory therapy

MUDr. Tomáš Skutil, doc. MUDr. Radek Kroupa, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jiří Dolina, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):176-180 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.027

Antisecretory therapy, including proton pump inhibitors and H2-blockers, plays a key role in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and other upper gastrointestinal diseases. Although this therapy is widely used, there are many misconceptions that can influence the decision-making of primary care physicians. This article aims to shed light on the myths and facts regarding antisecretory therapy, provide practical information for physicians, and promote a rational approach to its use.

Hereditary angioedema and its differential diagnosis

MUDr. Irena Krčmová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):181-186 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.048

Angioedema is swelling involving the subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or intestinal mucosa. The differential diagnosis of angioedema is interdisciplinary. From a pathophysiological perspective, angioedema can be classified as histamine-mediated angioedema and bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Histamine-mediated angioedema is more common and is associated with activation and degranulation of mast cells and basophils, and is often accompanied by pruritic and erythematous urticaria. Bradykinin-mediated angioedema can include forms of hereditary angioedema, acquired...

Female sexual dysfunctions

MUDr. Pavel Turčan, Ph.D., FECSM, MUDr. Peter Kepič, MUDr. Jozef Hambálek, MUDr. Pavla Entnerová

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):187-191 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.038

This review provides an overview of a relatively wide range of female sexual dysfunctions. It focuses on their classification, etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment to be as practical and beneficial as possible for physicians in practice. Since female sexual dysfunctions often arise as a result of multiple factors simultaneously, their resolution can sometimes be more complex and usually requires the cooperation of several specialists in various medical fields and psychology. Treatment is always highly individualized. An integral part of treatment is ensuring a safe and trustworthy environment for the woman. In many cases, therapy for the...

Backache and spine pain as overlooked symptoms in the differential diagnosis of infection of unknown origin

MUDr. Petra Huňařová, MUDr. Jan Novák, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):202-207 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.039

Backache or spine pain are one of the most common symptoms which lead patient to seek out for medical consult. They can be just an accompanying symptoms of muscle overload or degenerative changes of the spine, but in some cases they could signalize much more serious health problems, especially if they associated with fevers or other signs of infection. Spinal infections (spondylitis, spondylodiscitis, etc.) are well-known diseases, but due to their low incidence, they are often overlooked, and back pain as their main symptom, is often disparaged or attributed to another etiology. In the presented case series, we describe three cases of patients with...

Benzodiazepine addiction

doc. MUDr. Jiří Slíva, Ph.D., MBA

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):192-195 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.023

Benzodiazepines have a number of well-documented pharmacological properties that are widely used in a number of fields of medicine. However, their inappropriate use carries the risk of developing addiction. Treatment often requires a gradual reduction in medication combined with behavioral therapies and support systems that address the psychological aspects of addiction and prevent relapse. The aim of the submitted text is to draw attention to this issue and to point out the relevant context associated with it.

Sucrosomial iron - a new way to address iron deficiency

PharmDr. Marek Lapka, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):196-201 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.032

Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide, often leading to anemia and other health complications. Traditional oral iron supplementation using ferrous and ferric salts is associated with low bioavailability and gastrointestinal side effects, limiting patient adherence to treatment. Sucrosomial iron (SI) represents an innovative form of oral iron with improved pharmacokinetic properties, higher tolerability, and better absorption. This article provides a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of SI in various clinical settings, including pregnancy, oncology,...

Simulation centres in the Czech Republic

Mgr. Jan Dvořáček, DiS., doc. MUDr. Martina Kosinová, Ph.D., FESAIC, prof. MUDr. Petr Štourač, Ph.D., MBA, FESAIC

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):208-209 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.018

As in other parts of the world, medical students and health care professionals are increasingly encountering simulation-based teaching and the term simulation medicine. What is simulation medicine and what are its foundations? Why the number of simulation centres in this country and around the world? And what is the availability of simulation-based education for doctors and nurses in the Czech Republic? The following lines will seek the answer to these questions.

Correct sample collection as the basis for reliable laboratory diagnostics: avoid common mistakes

Mgr. Dominika Zhánělová, RNDr. Martina Mrkvicová, Ph.D., prof. RNDr. Lenka Zdražilová-Dubská, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):210-213 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.041

Proper collection of biological material is essential for obtaining reliable laboratory results. Laboratory testing includes three main phases: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. The pre-analytical phase is the most frequent source of error. Thorough patient instruction, accurate sample and test identification, appropriate container selection, proper collection procedures, and adherence to the collected material's specific storage and transport conditions are all of particular importance. This article summarises the crucial aspects of the proper collection of various types of biological material (e.g. blood, urine, and sputum) and highlights...

ECG in athletes, tips and tricks for evaluation

prof. MUDr. Eliška Sovová, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Markéta Sovová, Ph.D., MUDr. Libor Jelínek, Ph.D., MUDr. Radek Adámek

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):214-217 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.043

This article focuses on the evaluation of ECG in athletes in the context of preparticipation screening (to reduce the risk of sudden death). ECG examination is mandatory according to legal standards for athletes as part of the medical examination. It is necessary to distinguish between physiological, borderline, and abnormal findings on ECG. Abnormal findings then require further examination by a sports cardiologist. We use the 2017 International Criteria for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes for evaluation.

How to assess medical fitness to hold a firearms license?

Mgr. Bc. Miloš Máca

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):218-220 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.025

The recommended procedure for general physicians in answers to 5 basic questions - firearms license and its groups, jurisdiction to issue an assessment, procedure for issuing an assessment and deadlines, changes in the patient's health, new obligation to verify possession of a firearms license.

When to refer a patient to a nephrologist - according to what symptoms

MUDr. Miroslav Ryba

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):221-222 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.040

The number of patients with chronic kidney disease is high worldwide. It is important to focus on those at risk of progression to kidney failure or cardiovascular complications, and refer them to a nephrologist or other specialist. This article aims to provide practitioners with guidance on a simple investigative procedure using available laboratory methods to identify these patients.

Nutraceuticals and their use in the clinical practice of the general practitioner

doc. MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA, Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):225-226

Nutraceuticals are natural substances and dietary supplements with potential health benefits, disease prevention, and metabolic balance optimization. While their use is increasing, there is no definition, and regulations across the EU focus primarily on safety. Their recommendation should be evidence-based, as they can interact with medications and affect treatment outcomes. Examples of proven efficacy include vitamin D and lipid-lowering supplements like phytosterols or red yeast rice extract containing monacolin K. It's essential to choose verified products and consult healthcare professionals to avoid adverse effects or improper use. Nutraceuticals...

The most common mistakes in the diagnosis of idiopathic intestinal inflammation

MUDr. Aleš Novotný

Med. praxi. 2025;22(3):223-224 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.049

The incidence of idiopathic bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. IBDs are a high patient burden and are becoming a significant socioeconomic problem. Correct and early diagnosis is crucial for adequate treatment, which in the best case should prevent or at least minimize the risk of structural changes in the digestive tract, thus improving the outlook of patients with IBD.