Calcium and vitamin D in primary and secondary prevention of osteoporosis

The article aims at General Practitioners and it provides information about the contemporary development of an approach to preventionof osteoporosis. It points out the development of opinion relevant to the issue which has been shifted today from primary prevention tothe secondary one. The main goal of the primary prevention is to extend the genetically predefined time of growth of the bone tissue,thus to help prevent early osteoporosis and high-energy fractures. This prevention should be mainly provided by the General Practitionersin cooperation with patient organisations and other mostly non-profit organisations. The main core of such prevention lays ina healthy life style, diet and physical activities. Healthy diet should be a source of sufficient energy, proteins of Vitamin D and Calcium.Primary prevention can be based on uniform recommendations provided by relevant vocational institutions. Secondary prevention wasdeclared a worldwide program at the ESCEO congress in Rome, 2013. This secondary prevention program includes a specialised care ofosteoporotic patients in a form of health treatment. The secondary prevention mostly treats patients with a chronic handicap illness andthose who suffered low-threshold fractures with or without surgery treatment, which is the main difference from the primary prevention.Those patients are mostly polymorbid. Preventive treatments of such patients have, on principle, a specialised individual characterand for this reason should be arranged in cooperation with and under the guidance of a specialised workplace. Doses of Calcium andVitamin D are individual. The article provides information about the situation in the world and in the Czech Republic.

Keywords: osteoporosis, primary prevention, secondary prevention, vitamin D, calcium, individual therapy