Cítím s tebou aneb úvaha o empatii

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):3

Breast cancer - when to genetically test first-degree relatives of patients with hereditary predisposition

doc. MUDr. Ing. Jakub Cvek, Ph.D., MUDr. Zlatuše Bravencová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):8-11 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.074

The familial form of breast cancer constitutes a clinically significant subgroup of the disease, associated with germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other susceptibility genes. This article reviews current recommendations for genetic testing in relatives of patients with confirmed or suspected hereditary breast cancer, including testing indications, genetic counseling procedures, and risk stratification strategies. It further discusses surveillance and individualized screening protocols aimed at early cancer detection and reduction of mortality in high-risk populations. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of genetic...

New from the new year: NT-proBNP in preventive health check-ups

MUDr. Helena Kostková, Mgr. Tereza Kubecová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):12-16 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.081

Heart failure is a common and prognostically serious syndrome, where early detection in primary care significantly impacts mortality, morbidity, and patients' quality of life. Natriuretic peptides, particularly NT-proBNP, have become a standard component in the diagnosis of heart failure. An amendment to the preventive check-up regulation, effective from January 1, 2026, introduces NT-proBNP testing into preventive examinations for selected risk groups. This broadens the opportunities for general practitioners to actively identify early stages of heart failure. The article outlines the key principles of NT-proBNP interpretation and highlights the main...

Vegetarianism and veganism - what's the right attitude?

Mgr. Martin Krobot, Ph.D., Mgr. Marina Jeřábková, MUDr. Eliška Selinger, MSc

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):17-21 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.003

Plant-based diets are gaining popularity due to health, environmental and ethical factors, and an increasingly broad segment of the Czech population is adopting them. Evidence shows that a well-planned plant-based diet can offer substantial health benefits, especially in preventing non-communicable diseases, and can be appropriate across all life stages with adequate supplementation. Poorly planned plant-based diets, however, may pose nutritional risks, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women. Recent position statements increasingly recognise plant-based diets as suitable, while emphasising the need for supervision in...

Adrenal incidentalomas: management approach

doc. MUDr. Ondřej Petrák Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Tomáš Zelinka, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):28-32 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.072

Incidentalomas are adrenal masses detected on imaging performer for reasons other than suspected adrenal disease. They include a wide spectrum of diagnoses from completely benign and insignificant findings to hormonally active tumors, to possible rare adrenal cortex carcinoma or metastatic disease. The following article contains a basic diagnostic and therapeutic approach considering currently valid European guidelines on management of adrenal incidentalomas. It includes several basic considerations, namely when to think about malignancy and hormonally active form, when to operate and how follow up the patient.

Diseases of the scalp: an overview for general practitioners

MUDr. Kristýna Papajíková, MUDr. Renata Kučerová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):33-37 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.078

Diseases of the scalp are a common reason for visits not only to specialized dermatology clinics but also to general practitioners. This review article provides general practitioners with comprehensive information on the most common scalp conditions - dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and tinea capitis. It discusses their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic options, and current therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between individual conditions and on the personalization of treatment, including relapse prevention. The article also reflects current insights into the role...

Macular diseases

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Sosna, Ph.D., MUDr. Bc. Tomáš Novotný, FEBO, MUDr. Kateřina Myslík Manethová, Ph.D., FEBO

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):38-46 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.076

Maculopathies are a diverse group of diseases that affect the central area of the retina, the yellow spot - macula lutea, which is responsible for central vision. If this part of the retina is damaged by any disease, visual acuity often deteriorates to the point of practical blindness. The macula is a very specific part of the retina from a histoanatomical point of view. In the article, we deal with the most common diseases of the macula, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and central serous chorioretinopathy. We also mention other causes of maculopathies such as genetic, vascular, hematological diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes...

Dermatoscopy in general practice

MUDr. Lubomír Drlík

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):47-51 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.061

Dermocopy is a higly useful method enhancing accuracy in diagnosis of skin diseases. It is based between clinical and histologic examination. The method has developed in the last 30 years. Beside crucial role in pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma diagnosis, dermoscopy encompasses a broad field of indications.

An unusual cause of hypercalcemia from an endocrinologist's perspective

MUDr. Lucie Lysková, MUDr. Daniela Číhalíková, prof. MUDr. David Karásek, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Michálek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):68-71

Calcium is an essential element that plays a crucial role in bone mineralization, neuromuscular transmission, and is involved in many cellular signaling processes. Its serum concentration (total albumin-corrected concentration) should range between 2.15 and 2.55 mmol/L and is strictly regulated by several mechanisms. Hypercalcemia is defined as an elevated level of serum calcium above 2.55 mmol/L. It has various causes, ranging from parathyroid gland dysfunction, most commonly in the form of primary hyperparathyroidism, through granulomatous diseases, to serious malignancies with skeletal invasion or paraneoplastic syndromes, such as ectopic production...

Medication and baverages

PharmDr. Josef Suchopár, MUDr. Štěpán Suchopár

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):57-63 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.079

Proper co-ingestion of oral medications with an appropriate beverage is crucial to ensure their efficacy and safety. However, studies have shown that most patients do not take their medications with water as recommended, but instead use other drinks such as tea, fruit juices, or alcohol. This practice can lead to clinically significant drug interactions. These interactions most commonly arise from the inhibition of transporters such as OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, or the CYP3A4 enzyme, resulting in decreased or increased bioavailability of medications. For example, green tea, grapefruit juice, or orange juice may reduce the absorption of fexofenadine, lisinopril,...

Beta-blokátory/blokátory kalciových kanálů již nejsou jedinou léčebnou možností u pacientů s obstrukční hypertrofickou kardiomyopatií

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):23-27

Kardiovaskulární prevence v linii s národním kardiovaskulárním plánem

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):52-56

Farmakologické ovlivnění nežádoucích účinků GLP-1 agonistů v horní části GIT

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):64-67