Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Kateřina Cajthamlová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):3  

What causes dyspnoea in your patient?

MUDr.Hikmet Al-Hiti, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):7-9  

Dyspnoea is a common and very frequent symptom. It is second only to chest pain as the most common differential diagnostic consideration in cardiology. The causes of dyspnoea are: pulmonary embolism; heart failure; congenital or acquired heart defects; bronchial, pulmonary and pleural diseases; chronic anaemia; and pulmonary hypertension. Another very serious disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.

News in the treatment of diabetes - linagliptin

MUDr.Eva Horová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):10-12  

Linagliptin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug from dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class intended for type 2 diabetic patients. Linagliptin offers similar benefits of DPP-4 inhibitors such as lowering blood sugar with low risk of hypoglycaemia, improving diabetes control, weight neutrality and good gastrointestinal tolerability. The additional advantage of linagliptin is no dose adjustment for diabetic patients with kidney or liver impairment. Linagliptin is approved in the EU under the trade name Trajenta in combination with metformin, metformin plus sulphonylurea or as a monotherapy in patients with intolerance to metformin.

Biological therapies in rheumatology

MUDr.Hana Ciferská, prof.MUDr.Pavel Horák, CSc., MUDr.Jan Strojil, MUDr.Martina Skácelová, MUDr.Andrea Smržová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):13-19  

The introduction of biological agents in clinical practice led to prognosis improvement in very active rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients, who did not respond to conventional therapy. The paper discusses the selected biological agents – their indications, the follow up of their effects, the adverse events and pitfalls of their usage.

Overactive bladder in old age and treatment options in primary care

prof.MUDr.Eva Topinková, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):20-24  

Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by episodes of urgency, micturition frequency, nycturia and, in majority of patients by urge incontinence. It occurs frequently in older people and the prevalence increases with advancing age. 11–16 % of adult population is affected and up to 20–30 % of elderly persons above 70 years. The treatment of choice are antimuscarininc drugs which supress detrusor contraction by mechanism of blocking M3 and M2 muscarinic receptors in the bladder. Although there are fewer studies in geriatric population all consistently prove antimuscarinics superiority over placebo. In primary care trospium chlorid...

Rest less legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep in the internal medicine

MUDr.Jana Vávrová, MUDr.David Kemlink, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):25-28  

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS) are neurological disorders characterized by abnormal legs movement in sleep. They cause an impaired quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in theirs developed forms. RLS has two forms, idiopathic and secondary related to other medical conditions such as iron deficiency, end-stage renal disease and pregnancy. Periodic limb movements occur in 80 % patients with RLS, they are characterized by stereotypic, periodic legs movement during sleep. The diagnosis is based on polysomnography or actigraphy. The dopaminergic therapy is the most efficient treatment of these diseases.

Influenza and treatment options

PharmDr.Iveta Rohová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):29-30  

Influenza is a very contagious disease of the virus origin which is transmited by the droplet infection or by the infected person. It usually occurs in epidemics. The right treatment and the right prevention reduce a risk of more serious complications.

Dysphagia and aids in disorders of swallowing

PaedDr.Ilona Kejklíčková, Ph.D., Mgr.Radka Florianová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):32-34  

Swallowing disorders are at present very interesting issue not only in the clinical practice of speech. The possibility of support to patients using the available, professional tools, form the content of the submitted text. In the field of nursing would be very appropriate use of and familiarity with this issue. intake, rehabilitation aids.

Provision of clinical pastoral care at University Hospital in Olomouc

Bc.et Bc.Miroslava Tobia Matějková, MUDr.Petra Krumpholcová

Med. praxi. 2012;9(1):36-38  

According to the Joint Commission International Accreditation Standards for Hospitals, all hospitals are supposed to have "a process to respond to patient and family requests for pastoral services or similar requests related to the patient’s spiritual and religious beliefs". In the University Hospital Olomouc, a guideline has been developed for this purpose. The hospital provides Clinical Pastoral Service carried out by hospital chaplains.