Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):38-46 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.076

Macular diseases

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Sosna, Ph.D.^{1, 2}, MUDr. Bc. Tomáš Novotný, FEBO¹, MUDr. Kateřina Myslík Manethová, Ph.D., FEBO¹

¹ Oční oddělení, Fakultní Thomayerova nemocnice, Praha

² Centrum diabetologie IKEM, Praha

Maculopathies are a diverse group of diseases that affect the central area of the retina, the yellow spot - macula lutea, which is responsible for central vision. If this part of the retina is damaged by any disease, visual acuity often deteriorates to the point of practical blindness. The macula is a very specific part of the retina from a histoanatomical point of view. In the article, we deal with the most common diseases of the macula, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and central serous chorioretinopathy. We also mention other causes of maculopathies such as genetic, vascular, hematological diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes and drug-induced maculopathy. We draw attention to the risks of administering some drugs, which can have a toxic effect on the macula. In the article, we also present modern examination methods, but also the simplest ones, such as the Amsler grid.

Keywords: maculopathy, age-related degeneration, diabetic macular oedema, central serous chorioretinopathy, drug-induced maculopathy.

Received: June 4, 2025; Revised: November 3, 2025; Accepted: November 3, 2025; Published: March 3, 2026  Show citation