Med. praxi. 2019;16(3):157-160 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2019.055

Dyslipidemia and diabetic foot syndrome

doc. MUDr. David Karásek, Ph.D., MUDr. Daniela Číhalíková
III. interní klinika – nefrologická, revmatologická a endokrinologická, LF UP a FN Olomouc

Patients with diabetic foot syndrome represent a high-risk group not only due to the risk of limb amputation, but also because
of their high cardiovascular mortality. To reduce their cardiovascular risk it is necessary to make use of all available treatment
options, including adequate lipid-lowering therapy. This therapy can also positively affect the emergence and development of
own diabetic foot, taking a decision on specific drugs should take into account dominant ethiopathogenesis of the disease.

Keywords: diabetic foot, dyslipidemia, neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, PCSK9-inhibitors

Received: December 7, 2017; Accepted: December 7, 2017; Published: June 28, 2019  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Karásek D, Číhalíková D. Dyslipidemia and diabetic foot syndrome. Med. praxi. 2019;16(3):157-160. doi: 10.36290/med.2019.055.
Download citation

References

  1. Jeffcoate WJ, Macfarlane RM, Fletcher EM. The description and classification of diabetic foot lesions. Diabet Med 1993; 10: 676-679. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Jirkovská A. Syndrom diabetické nohy. In Pelikánová T, Bartoš V a kolektiv. Praktická diabetologie. Maxdorf, 2018. 536-562.
  3. Dietrich I, Braga GA, de Melo FG, et al. The Diabetic Foot as a Proxy for Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19: 44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Brownrigg JR, Davey J, Holt PJ, et al. The association of ulceration of the foot with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2906-2912. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Young MJ, McCardle JE, Randall LE, Barclay JI. Improved survival of diabetic foot ulcer patients 1995-2008: possible impact of aggressive cardiovascular risk management. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 2143-2147. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Karásek D. Diabetická dyslipidémie a mikrovaskulární komplikace diabetu. Vnitř Lék 2018; 64: 17-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, et al. Authors/Task Force Members; Additional Contributor. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 2999-3058. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college fo endokrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Endocr Pract 2017; 23(Suppl 2): 1-87. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. McNeely MJ, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, et al. The independent contributions of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy in foot ulceration. How great are the risks? Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 216-219. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Diabetic Neuropathy: An Update 2015. Rev Diabet Stud 2015; 12: 48-62. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Perez-Matos MC, Morales-Alvarez MC, Mendivil CO. Lipids: A Suitable Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Neuropathy? J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017: 6943851. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Wiggin TD, Sullivan KA, Pop-Busui R, et al. Elevated triglycerides correlate with progression of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1634-1640. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Smith AG, Singleton JR. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for early diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27: 436-442. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Cho YN, Lee KO, Jeong J, et al. The role of insulin resistance in diabetic neuropathy in Koreans with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-year follow-up study. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55: 700-708. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Hirsch AT, Gotto AM Jr. Undertreatment of dyslipidemia in peripheral arterial disease and other high-risk populations: an opportunity for cardiovascular disease reduction. Vasc Med 2002; 7: 323-331. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Katsiki N, Giannoukas AD, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP. Lipid-lowering treatment in peripheral artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 39: 19-26. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Poussa H, Strandberg TE, Tikkanen I, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia are neglected in patients with peripheral artery disease. Scand Cardiovasc J 2007; 41: 138-141. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Thiruvoipati T, Kielhorn CE, Armstrong EJ. Peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and outcomes. World J Diabetes 2015; 6: 961-969. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Pei E, Li J, Lu C, et al. Effects of lipids and lipoproteins on diabetic foot in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28: 559-564. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Ikura K, Hanai K, Shinjyo T, Uchigata Y. HDL cholesterol as a predictor for the incidence of lower extremity amputation and wound-related death in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239: 465-469. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Karásek D. Diabetická dyslipidemie. Maxdorf, 2018, 179 s.
  22. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2008; 371: 117-125. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Kumbhani DJ, Steg PG, Cannon CP, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 2864-2872. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Stavroulakis K, Borowski M, Torsello G, Bisdas T. CRITISCH collaborators. Association between statin therapy and amputation-free survival in patients with critical limb ischemia in the CRITISCH registry. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66: 1534-1542. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Arya S, Khakharia A, Binney ZO, et al. Association of Statin Dose With Amputation and Survival in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation 2018; 137: 1435-1446. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Yang TL, Lin LY, Huang CC, et al. Association of Statin Use and Reduced Risk of Lower-Extremity Amputation Among Patients With Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Observation. Diabetes Care 2016; 39: e54-e55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 2005-2016. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Sawaya AP, Pastar I, Stojadinovic O, et al. Topical mevastatin promotes wound healing by inhibiting the transcription factor c-Myc via the glucocorticoid receptor and the long non-coding RNA Gas5J. Biol Chem 2018; 293: 1439-1449. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Davis TM, Yeap BB, Davis WA, Bruce DG. Lipid-lowering therapy and peripheral sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 2008; 51(4): 562-566. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Hernández-Ojeda J, Román-Pintos LM, Rodríguez-Carrízalez AD, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7: 401-407. Go to original source...
  31. Villegas-Rivera G, Román-Pintos LM, Cardona-Mu?oz EG, et al. Effects of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin on Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015: 756294. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Rajamani K, Colman PG, Li LP, et al. FIELD study investigators. Effect of fenofibrate on amputation events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (FIELD study): a prespecified analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1780-1788. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Simó R, Simó-Servat O, Hernández C. Is fenofibrate a reasonable treatment for diabetic microvascular disease? Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15: 24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Fazio S, Linton MF. Fenofibrate and risk of minor amputations in diabetes. Lancet 2009; 373: 1740-1741. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  35. Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, et al. IMPROVE IT Investigators. Benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and safety in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus: Results from IMPROVE IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation 2018; 137: 1571-1582. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  36. Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, et al. PRECISE IVUS Investigators. Impact of dual lipid lowering strategy with ezetimibe and atorvastatin on coronary plaque regression in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: The multicenter randomized controlled PRECISE IVUS Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66: 495-507. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  37. Sabatine MS, Leiter LA, Wiviott SD, et al. Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5: 941-950. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Ray KK, Colhoun H, Szarek M, et al. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators. Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes prespecified analyses of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. Diabetes 2018; 67(Suppl. 1): 6 LB. Go to original source...
  39. Bonaca MP, Nault P, Giugliano RP, et al. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering With Evolocumab and Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the FOURIER Trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). Circulation 2018; 137: 338-350. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  40. Weiss N. A critical review on the use of lipid apheresis and rheopheresis for treatment of peripheral arterial disease and the diabetic foot syndrome. Semin Dial 2012; 25: 220-227. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  41. Antonoglou C, Papanas N, Maltezos E. Lipid-lowering therapy in the diabetic foot: seeing the whole iceberg and not just the tip. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 12: 745-750. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...




Medicine for Practice

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.