Kdo bude hlídat hlídače?

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):215  

Care of the patient with stable angina pectoris in general practitioner office

MUDr. Michael Želízko, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):220-224 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.047  

Review article dealing with chronic stable angina pectoris, its definition, practical examinations, selection of different types of stress tests and patient risk stratification. Principles of pharmacological treatment, which pursues two main objectives: the elimination of symptoms (ischemic treatment) and improved prognosis (prevention of cardiovascular events), are clearly enumerated as well as basic indications for coronary angiography and revascularization.

Meningococcal diseases and their prevention

MUDr. Věra Pellantová

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):226-228 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.048  

The article deals with the issue of invasive meningococcal disease, discussing the diagnosis and treatment, introducing the epidemiological associations, and highlighting the options of protection against one of the most serious infectious diseases.

Combination therapy of arterial hypertension - a review of actual guidelines

MUDr. Barbora Nussbaumerová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):229-233  

The article summarizes the present oppinion on the combination treatment of arterial hypertension. The most recommended and evidence based combinations are 1/angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker + calcium channel blocker, 2/ angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker + diuretic and 3/ calcium channel blocker + diuretic. Fixed combination of 2 or 3 drugs are available and recommended.

Actual opinions on chlamydia’s infections

doc. RNDr. Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Prášil, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Kamil Kuča, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Boštík, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):234-237 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.050  

Chlamydial infections represent a large group of diseases, which can go to chronicity. They affects the respiratory system as well as the organs, e.g. the eye, joints or central nervous system (CNS). Recently in connection with this type of infection diseases of urogenital system attracts attention. This is practically one of the most commonly registered infections transmitted by sexual intercourse (STI). If these diseases will be considered according to the agents, then the urogenital tract chlamydial infection will find themselves in a large group of bacterial infections together with mycoplazmatic problems, bacterial vaginoses or nonspecific infections...

Who would think of pulmonary hypertension in the general practitioner's surgery?

doc. MUDr. Pavel Jansa, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):238-241 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.051  

Pulmonary hypertension includes conditions characterized by a mean pulmonary artery pressure which exceeds 25 mm Hg. It most commonly occurs in heart and lung diseases. More rarely, pulmonary hypertension is a result of primary involvement of the pulmonary vessels (particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension with involvement of the pulmonary arterioles and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with inadequate reperfusion following acute pulmonary embolism). It is the treatment of the underlying heart disease that is crucial in the management of pulmonary hypertension in heart diseases. Specific vasodilation therapy is not indicated...

Allergologist΄s point of wiev on food allergies

MUDr. Eliška Kopelentová, MUDr. Eva Vernerová

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):242-247 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.052  

Food allergies are adverse food reactions, in which immunologic mechanisms have been demonstrated. Food allergies are usually characterized as IgE mediated (immediate) and/or non IgE mediated (delayed, cell – mediated). Food intolerances are responsible for most adverse food reactions and are categorized as enzymatic, pharmacologic or idiopathic food intolerances. Adult patients mainly acquire food allergy via primary sensitization to inhalant allergens on the basis of cross reactivity between proteins in inhalant sources and in food. Pollen-food syndrom is the most frequent cause of food allergies in adults. Nuts, fruits and vegetables are some...

Strategy initiation of treatment for multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):248-251  

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, disabling disease of the central nervous system with involvement of the inflammation and neurodegeneration. Treatment should be started shortly after the diagnosis of a clinically isolated syndrome or definite multiple sclerosis in the fulfillment of the requirement of dissemination of lesions in time and space according to the McDonald diagnostic criteria. The clinical course is heterogeneous and therefore it is necessary to consider the optimal treatment strategy for a particular patient. It is always appropriate to assess the available prognostic markers, and on this basis decide which medication to choose first....

Over-the-counter products for sensitive skin

MUDr. Radana Dwayebová, Mgr. Stefan Gajdoš

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):253-255  

Sensitive skin is a general term used to describe skin with reduced tolerance to the use of cosmetics and personal hygiene products. The article initially describes the manifestations, causes, and methods of treatment of sensitive skin. Given the fact that patients often seek the pharmacy staff as one of the first options in addressing this issue, the second part of the article summarizes selected over-the-counter dermocosmetic products intended for sensitive skin that we have a positive experience with.

Rehabilitation of patients after breast cancer treatment

MUDr. Karel Pitr, MUDr. Kateřina Študentová

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):256-260 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.055  

Rehabilitation after breast cancer treatment is a complex issue. The main complications during cancer remission requiring rehabilitation treatment include lymphedema, frozen shoulder syndrome and cervicobrachial syndrome. General practitioners play the key role in early detection of these problems. They can refer patients to a specialized rehabilitation centre for further examination. Centres of cancer rehabilitation have appropriate staff and instrumental equipment and can administer both analgesic and antioedematous physiotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Rehabilitation of cancer patients in specialized centres ensures quality and highly specialized medical...

Hyponatraemia – a frequent cause of hospitalizations, not only in elderly patients

doc. MUDr. Věra Čertíková Chábová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):261-262 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.056  

Hyponatraemia is a potentially life-threatening condition. Sodium and potassium blood concentrations are measured virtually in each acutely hospitalized patient; thus, in the hospital setting, this diagnosis is not overlooked if it is already present on admission. Hyponatraemia that develops later, often on the basis of the treatment received, remains a problem. Differential diagnosis is challenging because several mechanisms can act simultaneously in a particular patient. There are currently European treatment guidelines the knowledge and use of which can markedly facilitate the situation. However, they are not entirely applicable to all patients...

Pharmacotherapy of cough in a nutshell

doc. PharmDr. Jan Juřica, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):268-274  

The article presents in tabular form the types of cough in terms of their symptomatology and the thus recommended pharmacotherapeutic group. Mucoactive agents can be classified into expectorants, mucolytics, mucokinetics, and mucoregulating drugs according to the effect on the composition and amount of sputum produced. Antitussives are divided into centrally and peripherally acting ones. The article presents the crucial pharmacological properties of each substance and/or extracts of medicinal plants. In conclusion, the basic pharmacotherapeutic approaches in treating dry and productive cough are summarized. The combination of antitussives and mucoactive...

Dekubitus in practice

Mgr. Lenka Šeflová, Mgr. Petra Stejskalová, MUDr. Lukáš Daniš

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):263-267 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.057  

The article is focused on the news in the pressure-ulcer prevention and treatment. It is based on the translation of the international reference guide Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide. The article deals with practical problems of treatment in rehabilitation, positioning, nutrition, pain, classification of pressure ulcers and local treatment.

Overview of drug-drug interactions and risks of specific medicines prescrifed of sclerosis multiplex

MUDr. Michal Prokeš, PharmDr. Josef Suchopár

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):e1-e8 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.059  

Classical multiple sclerosis treatment comprise beta-interferon, glatiramer-acetate and natalizumab, which can effectively modifythe natural course of the disease. Recently new treatment options are avilable, including drugs with better eficacy and oral wayof administration, where better compliance can be predicted. The aim of this review is to advice physicians in everyday praxis ofdrug safety of specific medicaments treating multiple sclerosis.

Vybrané aspekty fyzické zátěže zdravotnických záchranářů při výkonu povolání

Mgr. Marinella Danosová, DiS., Mgr. Tomáš Bortl, DiS., MUDr. Petr Hubáček MBA, LL.M., Mgr. Radka Filipčíkova, Ph.D., MAB, LL.M., Mgr. Monika Labounková, PhDr. Lenka Machálková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2016;13(5):e9-e10 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2016.060  

This article is focused on the assessment of selected aspects of physical strain paramedics and specialist nurses working in the field of intensive care. Due to the nature of work in the field of intensive care is mainly due to the physical demands of paramedical staff. In addition, the shift operation causes higher susceptibility to various forms of fatigue. It is necessary to distinguish acute fatigue as a part of everyday life from chronic fatigue, which should be regarded as an illness (1). Another aspect is the function of physiological systems working in certain biorhythms, which disrupted traffic shift system, which leads to greater fatigue...