Možnosti rehabilitace u pacientů po prodělaném onemocnění covid-19

Mgr. Monika Mikulášková, Mgr. Barbora Imrichová, doc. Mgr. Kateřina Neumannová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):151 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2021.025  

Diabetic patient in a general practitioner's office - part 2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus, comorbidities in diabetic patients, care for special groups

MUDr. Pavlína Piťhová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):156-160  

Diabetes mellitus means presence of chronic hyperglycaemia caused by many external and internal conditions. The most frequently present type is Type 2 diabetes. In its pathogenesis play important role insulin resistance and disturbance of insulin secretion. Diabetic patients are extremely risky in development of macrovascular complications and diabetes is considered to be an equivalent of present cardiovascular disorder. There is important to treat hypertension and dyslipidaemia very aggressively in diabetic patients. The general practitioners play very important role in early detection and treatment of diabetic patients and detection of very risky...

Comprehensive management of obesity-related hypertension

MUDr. Petr Sucharda, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):161-166  

Obesity-related hypertension is a metabolic disease, part of metabolic syndrome based on visceral adipose tissue accumulation and associated hyperinsulinemia. Obesity is a cause of hypertension in about 60% of cases and there is a 3.5-fold relative risk for hypertension in obese people. More than one half patients with grade 3 obesity are hypertensive. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension includes high levels of adipokines and increased intra-abdominal pressure. The diagnostic criteria for obesity-related hypertension are not different and treatment is based on the same principles, only with a greater emphasis on ACE inhibitors and ARB...

Specific features of viral hepatitis in patients with HIV infection

MUDr. Dan Veselý

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):167-170 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2021.028  

Quite some time ago, several breakthroughs were achieved in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which resulted in a significant improvement in the prognosis of HIV-positive patients, thus allowing to focus attention on primarily HIV-unrelated mortality factors. Hepatic mortality was shown to play a major role, particularly diseases caused by hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV). Cases of coinfection with one or both viruses at the time of HIV diagnosis are very frequent, and subsequent cases of HIV reinfection are also very often detected. Generally, vaccination plays an important role in preventing HBV infection; however,...

Long-term venous access in the general practitioner's ambulance

MUDr. Lukáš Daniš, doc. MUDr. Vlastimil Procházka, Ph.D., Mgr. Martina Douglas

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):171-176  

With the growing number of patients indicated for the long-term venous access, the incidence of these patients in general practitioners' ambulances offices is also increasing. Therefore, the question more often arises as to how to treat with the catheter, whether it is possible to use it by a general practitioner and how to acutely solve the most common complications associated with venous access. In this review article, we present a description of the most commonly used vascular inputs accesses and their use, along with a recommended algorithm for solving the most common complications.

Mental health and immunity

Miroslava Navrátilová

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):181-188  

The relationship between the mental state and the human immune system is known from clinical practice - short-term stress is a functional, physiological response that stimulates the immune system. Likewise, short-term inflammation is a natural reaction to injury or infection. Conversely, chronic stress worsens the response of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems and can lead to immunodeficiency. The review summarizes the clinical experience of an internist with a focus on clinical nutrition and intensive metabolic care in psychiatric patients and selected significant findings in the field of mental health and immunity.

Diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders - focused on treatment by general practitioner

MUDr. Věra Vobořilová

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):190-196 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2021.032  

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders in which anxiety is the dominant symptom. They are characterized by paroxysmal or continuously fluctuating states in which physical and mental symptoms of anxiety or fear occur without being linked to some real danger. According to classical european psychopathology, fear has its object (one knows what is afraid of), while anxiety does not have an object (one has a feeling of fear, but one does not know what is afraid of). The problem begins where anxiety or fear occurs too often, lasts too long, and the intensity is too large for the situation that triggered it, or they occur in inappropriate situations....

Hearing impairment in adults: etiology, diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation

MUDr. Vít Kruntorád

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):197-202  

Hearing impairment occur not only external, middle and inner ear diseases, but also auditory pathways and brain centers. Diagnosis is based on otorinolaryngological examination supplemented by a wide range of audiological methods. The options for medication and surgical intervention are limited. If they can not be used or are ineffective, the hearing loss can be corrected by a rich portfolio of hearing aids, bone conduction aids and cochlear implants. Prescription of hearing aids is treated legislatively.

Case reports of patients with chronic venous disease reflecting the conclusions of updated treatment guidelines

MUDr. PhDr. Zdeňka Nováková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):207-210  

Chronic venous disease is a progressive and life-long disease with a low mortality, but a very high morbidity, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. The article describes the symptoms and mechanism of origin of chronic venous disease and, in particular, the treatment with a drug with three active ingredients: Ruscus aculeatus/hesperidin/ascorbic acid (Cyclo 3 Fort) which, through the synergy of the three ingredients, increases the venous and lymphatic tone and has vasculoprotective, antiedematous, and anti-inflammatory effects. The treatment effect is illustrated using two case reports.

Communication about covid-19 vaccination with hesitant patients: how can motivational interviewing help

PhDr. Jan Soukup, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):211-214 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2021.036  

The article offers advice how to communicate with patients about covid-19 vaccination. The fundaments and principles of motivational interviewing are briefly introduced together with suggestions for conversation. The basic communication techniques are illustrated on examples. The structure of the conversation is summarized in five steps.

What does a general practitioner need to know about pulmonary rehabilitation?

doc. Mgr. Kateřina Neumannová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):221-223  

The paper briefly describes the possibilities of using pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with respiratory disorders of any etiology. The main parts of pulmonary rehabilitation are summarized in this paper. Moreover, the paper describes how an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme can be prescribed and what types of breathing devices can be used to support breathing pattern, increase respiratory muscle strength, and facilitate expectoration.

Komentář ke článku Anafylaxe / Med. praxi 2021; 18(2): 92-96

MUDr. Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):227  

Doporučené postupy léčby arteriální hypertenze ve světle pandemie covidu-19 - existuje důvod ke změnám?
Zaznělo na on-line 19. kongrese Medicíny pro praxi 22.-23. 4. 2021, Olomouc

MUDr. Pavel Rutar

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):177-180  

Originál trazodon, prověřené antidepresivum do náročné doby
Zaznělo na on-line 19. kongrese Medicíny pro praxi 22.-23. 4. 2021, Olomouc

MUDr. Pavel Rutar

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):203-204 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2021.034  

Unavené srdce a cévy
Zaznělo na on-line 19. kongrese Medicíny pro praxi 22.-23. 4. 2021, Olomouc

MUDr. Milan Plíva

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):215-219  

Dlouhotrvající bolesti zad u mladých dospělých – kdy pomýšlet na revmatologickou příčinu?

Redakce

Med. praxi. 2021;18(3):224-226