Světový den ledvin

MUDr. Vladimír Polakovič, MBA

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):43  

Winter time and human immunity

MUDr.Martin Nouza, CSc., MUDr.Karel Nouza, DrSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):46-49  

Winter time is a period of increased morbidity and, thus, of increased interest in immune-boosting products. A number of medications, dietary supplements and nontraditional therapies are available that can favorably affect the immune system. In addition to a healthy lifestyle with sufficient rest and a balanced diet, enough antioxidants, probiotics and natural substances are recommended. In case medications are needed, bacterial lysates or products for systemic enzyme therapy may have beneficial effects. A glass of a carefully chosen wine of good quality may also be of interest.

Management of hypertension in ischaemic heart disease

prof.MUDr.Jiří Vítovec, CSc., FESC, prof.MUDr.Jindřich Špinar, CSc., FESC

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):50-53  

Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease are very common conditions, with proper blood pressure control being essential for both primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease. In terms of primary prevention, it is recommended to control blood pressure effectively, i. e. to maintain the pressure below 140/90 mm Hg; for patients in secondary prevention, it has been recommended to keep it below 130/85 mm Hg. However, recent evidence suggests that appropriate systolic blood pressure for ischaemic patients is 130–139 mm Hg and their diastolic blood pressure should not drop below 90 mm Hg. The mainstay of hypertension management...

Proton pump inhibitors in general practicioner

doc.MUDr.Václav Jirásek, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):54-57  

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective for treatment of all acid-related disorders, i. e. gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease and eradication of Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated peptic ulcers, ulcers of endocrine origin, stress ulcers as well as peptic ulcer bleeding. Proton pump inhibitors are relative safe drugs with minimum interactions. All in Czech republic available agents – omeprazol, pantoprazol, lansoprazol – are simillary effective. omeprazol, pantoprazol, lansoprazol.

Anaemia in patients with kidney disease and possibilities of management

doc.MUDr.Romana Ryšavá, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):58-63  

Anaemia is a common comorbidity accompanying chronic kidney disease. It is seen in as many as three-quarters of patients with kidney failure. It is one of the factors contributing to increased cardiovascular and overall mortality in these patients. The main cause of anaemia in kidney disease is reduced production of erythropoietin by the failing kidneys. Other factors, such as iron deficiency with impaired iron utilization, malnutrition and inflammation, also play a role. Currently, it is recommended that the concentration of haemoglobin in patients with chronic kidney disease be higher than 110 g/l. In addition to iron replacement, several...

Diabetics in general practicioner

MUDr.Martina Lášticová

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):64-66  

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogenic metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. It is classified into several distinct types which are caused by interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the etiology of diabetes, factors contributing to hyperglycaemia include complete or relative insulin deficiency, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. The metabolic dysregulation associated with diabetes cause secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems.

Onychomycosis

doc.MUDr.Ivana Kuklová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):73-76  

Onychomycosis is an infection of the nail apparatus by microscopic fungi that include dermatophytes, yeasts (mainly Candida species) and nondermatophyte moulds. Dermatophyte infection, mostly due to Trichophyton rubrum, is the cause in over 90 % of cases. The distribution of different pathogens depends on various factors such as climate, geography, migration, diabetes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and peripheral arterial disease. Laboratory diagnosis consists of microscopy to visualize fungal elements (mycelia and spores) in the nail sample and culture to identify the species concerned. Systemic therapy is almost always more successful...

Current trends in treatment of vulvovaginal discomfort

doc.MUDr.Jiří Špaček, Ph.D., IFEPAG, doc.RNDr.Vladimír Buchta, CSc., PharmDr.Petr Jílek, CSc., MUDr.Petr Halada, MUDr.Jan Kestřánek

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):77-82  

The most common causes of acute vulvovaginal discomfort are vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. While in sporadic cases of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis one-time anti-infective treatment is highly effective, in chronic vulvovaginal discomfort it tends to have a transient effect only. In the long-term perspective, it is advisable to rather improve the quality of the vaginal milieu in the case of chronic conditions. A wide range of supportive products are available. The vagina and vulva are strongly estrogen-dependent; therefore, hormonal intervention may also be an option.

Deep vein trombosis in young women (notes for practitioners)

MUDr.Hana Brůhová

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):83-85  

The young women with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) make a special group which needs a careful examination of risk and releasing factors, especially due to possible relationship with pregnancy and contraceptives and with congenital or acquired thrombophilias as well. The results of this examination are important not only for therapy and recurrence of DVT in the patient but they can be potentially beneficial for the relatives, too. The multidisciplinary cooperation is very important.

The use of containment methods in health care facilities and in social service institutions

Mgr.Hana Dohnalová

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):86-88  

Violence has become a common part of our lives and increasing numbers of people have direct experience with violence or aggression. It is also frequently encountered by health care workers in private practices, health care facilities and social service institutions. Although the advancement of modern science has allowed successful treatment of increasingly more patients, it seems as if the time has stopped in the field of care for agitated, aggressive and mentally ill patients, particularly in terms of the continuing use of containment methods. One may often come across statements about outdated, unscientific and inhuman approaches which, from...

Autodidaktický test 1/2011

Med. praxi. 2011;8(2):89-90