Strach z výsledků vyšetření aneb Čeho a proč se vlastně bojíme?

Mgr. Roman Pešek

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):419  

Proton pump inhibitors in peptic lesions therapy

prof.MUDr.Petr Dítě, Ph.D., MUDr.Radek Kroupa, Ph.D., MUDr.Ivo Novotný, CSc., MUDr.Martina Jelšíková

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):423-426  

The treatment of diseases related to the presence of gastric hydrochloric acid has gone through a tumultuous development since 1910 when antacids were first introduced in clinical practice. Recently, the drugs referred to as proton pump inhibitors have undoubtedly been the most effective drugs in terms of the intensity and duration of suppression of gastric hydrochloric acid. Their division into first- and second-generation drugs mainly reflects the changes in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The drugs are administered as a prodrug and only converted into an active form in the parietal cell of the gastric mucosa. Their metabolism...

Some advances in osteoporosis and bone metabolism

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Palička, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):428-430  

Although no longer a breakthrough issue, the field of osteoporosis surprises with a lot of new advances. There have been increasing data on new treatment and new knowledge has emerged on the mechanism of action as well as on the side effects of well-established treatment, and on whether and how osteoporosis treatment can affect fracture healing. In recent years, there has been a meteoric rise in the number of publications on the link between bone metabolism and whole-body metabolism and the issue of vitamin D has remained an evergreen and much-discussed "hit" in medicine.

Age-related macular degeneration - epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and therapy

MUDr.Petr Kolář, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):432-434  

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the world‘s one of the main causes of practical blindness. The disease mainly affects patients older than 60 years and its prevalence increases with aging. In developed countries, the any form of AMD affects up to 20 % of the population. Advanced forms of the disease lead to practical blindness. The main symptoms are distorted vision, scotomas in the visual field and decrease of visual acuity. The main risk factors for the disease are cigarette smoking, inadequate intake of antioxidants, hypertension, genetic factors, excessive exposure to sunlight. For diagnosis of disease is required ophthalmic...

Irritable bowel syndrom - continual problem

prof.MUDr.Jiří Ehrmann, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):436-440  

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commom gut functional diseases, affecting about 20 % of people wordwide. Diagnosis is based on the identification of symptoms according to Rome III critera, but the etiology and pathogenesis continue without elucidation. This is a reason of the only symptomatic pharmacological therapy. In patients with mild symptoms is not indicated pharmacological aids, but only diet and psychological treatment or from time to time antispasmodics. Patients with moderate or sever form IBS require pharmacological treatment, i.e. antispasmodics, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, anxielytics or antidepressants.

Rhinosinusitis - consensus and guidelines for primary care - EPOS 2012

MUDr.Petr Schalek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):441-445  

Due to its frequency and significant reduction of quality of life represents rhinosinusitis a serious medical problem. Also economic burden of rhinosinusitis on the society is not negligible. In the last decade the attempt of expert groups to bring a system and consensus based on evidence based medicine can be seen. The paper briefly summarizes recent five consensus especially with regard to primary care. Emphasis is placed on the new version of European Rhinologic Society document EPOS 2012.

Menopause - treatment of complaints

doc.MUDr.Taťána Rešlová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):445-450  

Cessation of ovarian function is associated with a significant reduction in plasma estrogen concentration that results in the development of more or less serious somatic, functional, and mental changes. Early symptoms of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women are most effectively managed with hormone replacement therapy. This year, ten years have elapsed since the publication of the initial results of the Women's Health Initiative study that substantially altered the approach of both physicians and the public to influencing the sequelae of menopause. The subsequent analyses and new findings became the basis for revising the decision-making...

Obesity as risk factor of colorectal cancer

MUDr.Peter Minárik, PharmDr.Daniela Mináriková, PhD.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):451-455  

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most frequent type of cancer worldwide. The incidence of CRC has been rising with rising level of industrialization and it is higher in all economically well developed countries. The formation of CRC highly depends from lifestyle factors, mainly from food, nutrition and physical activity. Excessive body fat reserves and abdominal fat quantity are leading to obesity, respectively to visceral obesity, which is often associated with hyperinsulinemia and metabolic syndrome. In recent years there has been collected enough scientific evidence that obesity and visceral obesity are risk factors of CRC, and also of...

Lumbar spinal stenosis - the underdiagnosed disease in older age

MUDr.Blanka Mičánková Adamová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Josef Bednařík, CSc., FCMA

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):456-459  

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is defined as an osteoligamentous narrowing of the spinal or nerve root canal in the lumbar spine that is clinically symptomatic. The symptoms and signs usually begin in the 6th decade. The LSS contributes to impaired mobility in older age, but, according to our experience, it is often underdiagnosed. Clinical picture includes neurogenic claudication, radicular syndrome, cauda equina syndrome and low back pain is often present. This article is focused on diagnostics and differential diagnostics of LSS.

Kidney transplantation from living donors in the Czech Republic

Bc.Vladěna Homolková

Med. praxi. 2012;9(11):460-462  

Living donor kidney transplant is the best solution for the patient with chronic renal failure. The donor can be a related by blood, emotionally or also an unrelated altruist. If blood types of the donor and the recipient are incompatible, we have two possibilites: either to do a paired donor exchange or to remove antibodies against donor’s AB0 antigens from recipient’s blood. Laparoscopically assisted techniques of harvesting the donor’s kidney are very well-developed, which means minimal complications and quick recovery for the donor. A kidney transplant program from brain-dead donors is currently dominant in the Czech...