Ideály a ocenění sester v roce 2015

Jitka Boťánková

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4)  

New anticoagulants in the treatment of venous thromboembolism

doc.MUDr.Jana Hirmerová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):159-161  

New oral anticoagulants significantly differ from warfarin in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. They are direct and specific inhibitors, targeted on a specific step in the coagulation cascade. They are used in fixed doses, with no need for laboratory monitoring. They have been evaluated in large controlled clinical trials in the treatment of an acute thromboembolic event as well as in long-term secondary prophylaxis. Their efficacy is comparable to classical therapy (low-molecular-weight heparin with subsequent warfarin) while the risk of bleeding complications is lower. New oral anticoagulants include rivaroxaban and apixaban...

The significance of treatment of anemia in patients with heart failure

prof.MUDr.Jiří Vítovec, CSc., FESC, prof.MUDr.Jindřich Špinar, CSc., prof.MUDr.Lenka Špinarová, Ph.D., FESC

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):162-165  

Anemia with iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with heart failure. A major factor in the pathogenesis of anaemia, it is also a separate condition with serious clinical consequences (e.g. impaired exercise capacity) and poor prognosis in heart failure patients. Clinical studies have demonstrated favourable effects of intravenous iron on the functional status, quality of life, and exercise capacity in heart failure patients. Intravenous iron supplementation becomes a novel therapy in heart failure patients with iron deficiency.

Forensic, economic and technical difficulties in the operation of emergency medical services

MUDr.Jiří Knor, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):168-170  

The author of the article thinks of the present situation and status of the emergency medical services (EMS) in the Czech Republic in relations to the health service system and its functioning in the society as a whole. He considers the great importance of EMS for successes of the Czech healthservice but also describes the threatening purposes of their next valuable functioning. New medical laws did not protect EMS enough and did not minimize risk of useless emergency calls. The enormous growing of EMS useless activations is the consequence. As for point of wiev of the article author, this trend is not acceptable for the future.

Topical treatment of acne vulgaris

MUDr.Yvetta Vantuchová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):172-175  

Acne is one of the most frequent skin disease. Prevalence of acne in adolescent is between 50–95%. It takes many various forms, ranging from minimal manifestations to severe extensive involvement of the facial and truncal skin. Acne usually subsides by 25 years of age, but in a small proportion of cases it may persist until adulthood. A well-chosen and regular topical treatment leads to suppressing the manifestations of the disease in the majority of cases.

Differential diagnosis of red eye from the perspective of general practitioners

MUDr.Helena Štrofová

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):176-183  

Red eye/eyes can be caused by inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye, as well as eye injuries and other eye conditions. What is needed is a thorough history (except ophthalmic - we ask the difficulty of the whole body). Ocular changes may signal serious systemic diseases. Investigations must be carried out in a good light, preferably daily, using a magnifying glass. Red eye but may indicate damage to other structures of the eye, that practice cannot diagnose alone or treat, a patient needs to be sent to an ophthalmologist. The article is divided into damaged structures of the anterior segment of the eye.

Adjustment disorders

doc.MUDr.Klára Látalová, Ph.D., MUDr.Dana Kamarádová, MUDr.Daniela Jelenová, Mgr.Marie Ocisková, prof.MUDr.Ján Pavlov Praško, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):184-188  

An adjustment disorder is manifested by subjective distress and other emotional reactions to an identifiable stressful event or events. An adaptive capacity of a person is an important factor in developing this disorder. In differential diagnosis it is necessary to distinguish from “normal” grief, a reaction to stress, depressive episodes, generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. A treatment that has been found beneficial in dealing with the adjustment disorder usually consists of psychotherapeutic approach (with an emphasis on developing the therapeutic relationship, education and dealing with the stigma)....

Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation

MUDr.Kateřina Šrámková

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):189-191  

Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation are disorders, they affect physical and psychosocial health and have a significant impact on the QOL of sufferers and their partners. Three lines erectile dysfunction therapy include oral therapy, vacuum constriction device, intracavernous therapy, penile prosthesis and novel shock wave therapy. Current oral form of erectile dysfunction therapy by PDE5 inhibitors is safe and effective and is well tolerated. The modern premature ejaculation therapy is an oral treatment with dapoxetine. Dapoxetine significantly prolonged intravaginal ejaculatory latency time compared with placebo, increases the control...

Glatiramer acetate and treatment of multiple sclerosis

doc.MUDr.Radomír Taláb, CSc., MUDr.Marika Talábová, MUDr.Ludovít Hofmann Klzo, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):192-194  

The 2010 revised McDonald criteria reflect the clinical requirement to establish the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) as early as the initial attack of neurological symptoms, in an early stage – that of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). CIS is the indication for a diagnostic triad of paraclinical investigations that can support the hypothesis of the initial demyelinating attack of MS and predict the likelihood of conversion to clinically definite MS – CDMS. Early diagnosis is required to meet the need for early MS treatment. Treatment with glatiramer acetate (GA) or other medicinal products for the first-line treatment of MS (interferon-beta...

How and how often to measure blood pressure

prof.MUDr.Eliška Sovová, Ph.D., MUDr.Markéta Sovová, MUDr.Lenka Štégnerová

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):197-200  

This article is on recently published European guidelines and it focuses on innovations in right blood pressure measurement. It explains advantages of home blood pressure measurement and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Authors also comment role of blood pressure measurement in diagnostic of white coat and masked hypertension and arterial hypertension which is sub optimally controlled. On the end, the article summarizes guidelines for blood pressure measurement during exercise test.

Care of a patient with a movement disorder in the home setting: part 3, continuation 4. Guillain-Barré

PhDr.Petr Uhlíř, Ph.D., MUDr.Milada Betlachová

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):205-206  

polyradiculoneuritis, plexus brachialis paresis, diabetic polyneuropathy The most important neurological diagnosis in terms of rehabilitation The article is focused on the issues related to patients with movement disorders in domestic environment. The most frequent movement disorders that may be encountered in home care are outlined here. Further, the most frequent causes of movement disorders are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to a complex care of patients suffering with movement disorders.

Positive impact of regular physical activity on decreasing cardiovascular risk factors in healthy individuals

MUDr.Viktor Talafa, Mgr.Jana Zapletalová, Dr., MUDr.Dalibor Pastucha, PhD., MBA

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):194-197  

In our 5-year research, we followed two cohorts of healthy individuals in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The thesis is designed as unblinded controlled field study with participants divided randomly into intervention and control groups. During the research, we tested and confirmed the predetermined hypothesis of positive impact of physical activitiy on decreasing exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. For the intervention group, strictly defined regular physical activity was prescribed, whereas control group was not subject to any coordinated effort. Weight change and blood lipids levels were followed as main parameters of study.

Antibiotikum není antipyretikum

Med. praxi. 2015;12(4):201-202