Umělá inteligence – příležitost, nebo hrozba?

doc. MUDr. Ondřej Volný, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):231  

The effect of noctural heart rate on mortality in patients with arterial hypertension

prof. MUDr. Tomáš Kovárník, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):236-241 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.053  

Elevated resting heart rate, particularly during nighttime, is a significant yet often overlooked predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with arterial hypertension. It reflects the state of autonomic regulation and the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Nighttime heart rate has greater prognostic value than daytime rate, and an insufficient nocturnal decline is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, psychological comorbidities, and reduced life expectancy. This review summarizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies for elevated heart rate, including both...

Colorectal cancer in general practice - how to identify individuals at increased risk and when to screen first degree relatives

MUDr. Tomáš Grega, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Bureš, CSc., Mgr. Ondřej Ngo, Ph.D., Ing. Monika Ambrožová, Mgr. Renata Chloupková, RNDr. Ondřej Májek, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Miroslav Zavoral, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Štěpán Suchánek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):243-251 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.062  

Colorectal cancer belongs among the most common malignancies worldwide and ranks the third place in the incidence among all malignant tumors. General practitioners play a crucial role not only in the primary prevention of this disease but also in the early detection of existing neoplastic lesions. The first part of this review discusses in detail the epidemiology of colorectal cancer, current data on incidence and mortality, and the importance and outcomes of the population-based screening program in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the role of primary care is emphasized in promoting screening participation and in the early identification of asymptomatic...

Where is the treatment of atherosclerosis heading?

prof. MUDr. Otto Mayer, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):259-262 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.050  

The prevention of atherosclerotic vascular diseases remains crucial for global population health. Therefore, it is essential that we have a sufficient number of drug classes with proven benefits for patients in this area. However, it is equally important to consistently use all these new treatment possibilities in real clinical practice and actively pursue to achieve defined treatment goals for individual risk factors.

Approach to the patient with dementia in primary care

MUDr. Eva Zatloukalová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):264-268 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.056  

Dementia, defined as an acquired impairment of cognitive functions that limits patients' independence, represents a group of disorders with a steadily increasing prevalence. At the same time, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for symptomatic treatment are expanding. The aim of this review is to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of current recommended practices considering screening, diagnostics, therapeutic approaches and other important aspects of care.

National cardiovascular plan 2025-2035 - role of general practitioners

prof. MUDr. Štěpán Havránek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):270-274 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.047  

The National cardiovascular plan for 2025-2035 is a strategic document approved by the Government of the Czech Republic, which provides an analysis of the current state of cardiovascular diseases in the Czech Republic and outlines basic strategies for preventing and treating these diseases. General practitioners play a crucial role in the entire concept of care, encompassing prevention, early disease detection, and coordination of care for patients with cardiovascular issues. The main author of the entire document is Prof. MUDr. Aleš Linhart, DrSc.

Laser correction of refractive errors - news and what to expect from the surgery

MUDr. Róbert Kadlec

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):280-284 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.057  

The article provides an overview of the development and principles of laser refractive surgery, the different methods of surgical correction of refractive errors. It describes the historical development from superficial methods (PRK) to modern techniques such as femtoLASIK and ReLEx SMILE. The main principle of the procedure is to change the curvature of the cornea, thereby correcting the refractive error of the eye's optical system. Excimer lasers work on the principle of photoablation, while femtosecond lasers use photodisruption. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the individual patient's anatomical conditions...

Obstructive sleep apnea

MUDr. Martin Pretl, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):286-292 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.054  

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disease with a prevalence in the population estimated between 5 % and 10 %. Due to its occurrence and medical consequences, it ranks among the most significant sleep disorders. Non-restorative fragmented sleep caused by repetitive respiratory events leads to a wide range of daytime symptoms that significantly affect quality of life. The main risk factors include overweight and obesity, male gender, and middle to older age. OSA is primarily associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus). Untreated OSA increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular...

Intravenously administered vitamin C therapy in a patient with Post-covid syndrome

MUDr. Pavla Prandževová

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):293-296 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.058  

The author presents a case report of a young man who developed post-covid syndrome. No serious pathological conditions were identified in the differential diagnosis, only post-covid syndrome was suspected. Supportive therapy with intravenously administered vitamin C was indicated. Within 13 months, after a series of vitamin C infusions, there was a significant improvement to complete disappearance of symptoms, including a return to full school workload. The case study shows the possible effect of supportive infusion therapy with vitamin C in a young patient with long-term post-covid syndrome, in whom conventional supportive measures were not helpful

Does rutine screening for obstructive sleep apnea in obese men with type 2 diabetes make sense?

MUDr. Jaromír Ožana, MUDr. Katarína Moravcová

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):E1-E4 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.045  

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an under-recognised complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to identify a simple BMI threshold that justifies OSA screening in obese men with T2DM. This cross-sectional study enrolled 135 men, all of whom underwent valid home cardiorespiratory polygraphy (HSAT). Any OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index, AHI ≥ 5 events·h-1) was present in 73 % of participants; BMI emerged as the primary predictor A BMI ≥ 30 kg·m-2 yielded 71 % sensitivity for detecting moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15 events·h-1). We therefore recommend routine OSA screening...

Ten points in hypertension care in the GP surgery in 2025 (in line with current recommendations)

MUDr. Zdeněk Ramík

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):304-306 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.031  

This article concisely summarizes the current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension as outlined by the European Society of Hypertension in 2023 and the European Society of Cardiology in 2024, presented in 10 key points, with a focus on application in general practice.

Žilní porucha dolních končetin z nežilních příčin

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):252-257

Jak na bolest? Role nesteroidních antirevmatik v léčbě bolesti

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):275-278

Chronické žilní onemocnění - chirurgie versus konzervativní léčba

MUDr. David Salát, MUDr. Robert Vlachovský, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):299-303