Co je to vlastně důstojnost?

prof. MUDr. Marta Munzarová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):447  

Gouty arthritis

MUDr.Marta Olejárová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):452-454  

Gouty arthritis is the most common crystal induced arthritis, caused by monosodium urate crystals deposition. Gouty arthritis can be present as an acute gouty arthritis affecting usually the big toe of the foot, or a chronic gouty arthritis with rather polyarticular involvement. In the laboratory tests elevated serum level of uric acid is usually found, also erytrocytes sedimentation rate and serum CRP level may be increased as well. At the X-rays of the chronic gout typical round-shaped bone erosions can be seen. Acute gouty arthritis should be treated with colchicine and/or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but the dose of allopurinol...

Chronic pancreatitis

prof.MUDr.Petr Dítě, DrSc., MUDr.Jan Trna, MUDr.Katarina Floreanová, MUDr.Edvard Geryk

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):455-458  

Chronic pancreatitis is among the diseases whose incidence is rising very slightly, but distinctly. The disease is initiated by a number of aetiological risk factors, such as alcohol, smoking, genetic or autoimmune factors. In principle, our knowledge on the aetiological factors of the disease is summarized in the TIGAR-O classification of chronic pancreatitis. Except hereditary, autoimmune and, to a certain degree, obstructive forms, however, the present risk factor must be accompanied by the presence of another of the factors for the disease to really develop. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is currently based on the use of imaging...

Eating disorders

MUDr.Pavla Němečková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):459-462  

The paper describes two basic forms of the disease, i. e. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with their basic characteristic features. The other disorders falling within this spectrum are briefly described. Comorbidities and differential diagnosis issues are mentioned. The therapeutic strategies in both forms of the disease are presented. The severity of the disease with the risk of developing chronicity is emphasised, in extreme cases with a risk of a lethal outcome; thus, particular attention must be paid to the condition and the care of patients with this disorder must be multidisciplinary.

Influence of antibacterial treatment on the development of bacterial resistence

prof.MUDr.Milan Kolář, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Karel Urbánek, Ph.D., MUDr.Vojtěch Hanulík, Mgr.Vladimíra Vojtová

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):463-465  

The review deals with a question of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Most important phenotypes of the bacterial resistance are described, including the real examples of the important pathogens’ resistance development in the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. On the basis of these data, the principles of antibacterial treatment are stated.

Current laboratory diagnostic possibility of tuberculosis and mycobacterioses

MUDr.Miluška Ptáková, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):466-468  

Tuberculosis and mycobacterioses are serious infectious diseases, especially in immunologically compromised patients and patients with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Their early clinical and laboratory diagnosis, including the use of the method used to determine the state of immunity contribute significantly to their proper treatment. For microbiological diagnosis is important to collect biological materials properly and to deliver them properly and quickly to the laboratory. Laboratory diagnosis of mycobacteria can be performed by classical microbiological methods such as microscopic and cultivation examination as well as by automated...

Cough - differential diagnosis and treatment options

MUDr.Miroslav Urbánek, MUDr.Karel Lukáš, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):469-471  

A cough is a reflex action to clear the airways of potential causative factors of obstruction or to respond to (heat, chemical or thermal) irritation. When persistent, cough becomes a symptom accompanying a number of diseases and makes the patient seek medical attention. In terms of prevalence, cough is one of the most common symptoms the patients present with. Both acute (lasting up to three weeks) and chronic (lasting more than three weeks; according to some, duration of up to eight weeks can be accepted) forms are encountered. The diagnosis of its aetiology often requires multidisciplinary cooperation. Its underestimation may have fatal...

Phototherapy - treatment with bright light

prof.MUDr.Ján Praško, CSc., MUDr.Pavel Doubek, MUDr.Klára Látalová, Ph.D., MUDr.et Bc.Aleš Grambal, MUDr.Dana Kamarádová, MUDr.Anežka Ticháčková

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):472-478  

The influence of light on the human psyche was known and used two thousand years ago by ancient Greeks. Recently, several scientists started to study light treatment on the basis of chronobiology. Multiple studies have shown that exposure to light at 2000 lux or more can shift circadian rhythms. Bright light is a treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is the most overt manifestation of seasonality in humans. It is characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes followed by periods of remission that occur on a seasonal basis. The gold standard treatment for winter SAD is light therapy. Some...

Treatment of epilepsy - update

prof.MUDr.Milan Brázdil, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):478-480  

Epilepsy treatment went through a substantial evolution in the last years, which obviously improved prognosis of the patients, but simultaneously strongly increased demands on disease management from the viewpoint of the medical professionals. Contemporary management of epilepsy patients requires highly complex and rational approach. The treatment always has to be „tailored“ to the need of individual patient. Regarding the pharmacological treatment choice we should prefer maximal effectivity and tolerability of the antiepileptic drugs before economic factors. In patients resistant to the pharmacotherapy an early assessment of epilepsy...

Cranberry and probiotics - prevention and adjuvant therapy of recurrent urinary tract infections

MUDr.Marta Nováčková, MUDr.Roman Chmel

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):481-483  

Review article on current knowledges of alternative treatment methods – using of cranberry extract and probiotics – in the lower urinary tract infection therapy and prevention. Regular using of cranberry products during 6–12 month reduces the number of recurences of lower urinary tract infections in young and middle-aged women. Promising results are described in probiotics used for prevention and treatment of vaginal infections, especially bacterial vaginosis. Further research and larger studies evaluating the effect of probiotics in lower urinary tract infection are required.

Lower limb edemas, differential diagnosis, treatment

MUDr.Miroslav Chochola, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):484-487  

Lower limb edema is a frequently encountered problem in clinical practice. Edema is the result of an imbalance in the filtration system between the capillary and interstitial spaces.The etiology of edema always must be determined; the condition may indicate an underlying life-threatening disease such as congestive heart failure, or it may be caused by something as benign as sitting for too long. This review article focuses on quick orientation in the etiology, differential diagnosis and treatment of edema of lower limbs.

Urinary incontinence issues

Mgr.Nataša Sochorová

Med. praxi. 2011;8(11):488-490  

The International Continence Society (ICS) defines urinary incontinence as any involuntary leakage of urine. It occurs in women and men, in children, adults as well as in the elderly.