České lázně - tradiční léčba s dlouhodobým efektem

Jana Náchodská

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 259  

A hypertensive patient in the general practitioner's surgery

MUDr.Jan Václavík, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 262-265  

The article briefly summarizes recent knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Correct diagnosis of hypertension requires repeated ambulatory and home blood pressure measurements and a more frequent use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, particularly in younger patients. Non-pharmacological measures can significantly reduce blood pressure and should be applied to all patients. To achieve target blood pressure levels, most patients require the use of a combination of several antihypertensive drugs, ideally in the form of fixed combinations that reduce blood pressure more effectively, improve patient adherence to...

Diarrhea of travelers

MUDr.Zdenka Manďáková

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 265-268  

Traveler´s diarrhea is the most common traveler´s health complaint therefore it´s needed to choose target destination depend on traveler ´s age and health condition. Keeping rules of using safe food and water, vaccination, exceptionally profylactic antibiotics is recommended for travelers to risky world´s areas. Traveler´s diarrhea is treated by rehydration, diet, symptomatic therapy and with antibiotics in severe cases depend on severity of dehydration and clinical signs. New vaccines against diseases caused by enteric pathogens are developed because diarrheal diseases are important worldwide health problem. against communicable diseases...

Hemorrhoids - conservative or surgical treatment?

MUDr.Július Őrhalmi

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 269-273  

Hemorrhoids are physiological finding in anus.Hemorrhoidal disease is when symptoms are occur. Hemorrhoidal disease affects one third to half the population over age 50. It is necessary to determine the exact stage of the hemorrhoidal disease for an effective treatment. Predominant is outpatient or miniinvasive treatment at present. It is mainly rubber band ligation or in combination with diathermy for outpatients. The most effective miniinvasive approaches are Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialisation and stapler anopexy. The conservative treatment and on the other side classical hemorrhoidectomy have important place in treatment of hemorrhoidal...

News in vaccination against pneumococcal infections in adults

prof.MUDr.Roman Chlíbek, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 274-276  

More risk factors for the emergence and development of pneumococcal disease, especially invasive forms and community-acquired pneumonia are present in adults, unlike children. The main risk factor is age, incidence of chronic diseases and smoking. Current possibilities of adult vaccination were expanded to include a new indication for using 13valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine for persons aged 50 years and older. Conjugate vaccine showed high immunogenicity and good safety profile, both in those aged 50 years and the elderly aged over 70 years of age. The conjugate vaccine achieved no worse results of functional antibody titers against all...

Systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): new treatment options

doc.MUDr.Jaromír Musil, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 278-281  

The view of COPD has changed. COPD is currently seen as a complex disease involving not only bronchial obstruction. COPD is accompanied by systemic inflammation. The inflammation results in the development of comorbidities such as cachexia, muscular weakness, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, anaemia, systemic hypertension, osteoporosis, depression, diabetes mellitus, or sleep apnoea syndrome. Patients with COPD have a higher risk of developing bronchogenic carcinoma. Comorbidities must be taken into account when making treatment decisions. It is necessary to relieve bronchial obstruction and suppress lung inflammation in which...

Basic eye examination and therapy in a GP practice

MUDr.Helena Štrofová, MUDr.Karel Sedláček, MUDr.Alena Jarošová, MUDr.Petra Teplanová

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 285-292  

Basic eye examinations in general practitioner‘s practice include visual acuity in distance and near vision, visual field examination and orientation and color vision testing. The history of the patient is an important part of the examination, with a focus on subjective problems suffered by the patient, factors such as injury and other symptoms (nausea, vomiting), that can be linked to eye diseases. General practitioners in larger cities and especially in the capital, will generally send most patients directly to an ophthalmologist because they have the opportunity to do so. In smaller towns and villages it is not always possible to immediately...

Skin aging and care of aging skin

MUDr.Lucie Růžičková Jarešová

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 293-296  

Aging is characterized by a slowing down of the process of cell regeneration and by reduced cellular defence. It affects all individuals. It is caused by intrinsic factors, but is significantly affected by external influences from the environment and by lifestyle. Skin aging begins once the hormonal changes in adolescence are completed. Prevention is the most important factor affecting the appearance of skin in later years of life. The paper briefly describes the methods most commonly used in corrective dermatology.

Detection of multiple sclerosis in the general practitioner

prof.MUDr.Eva Havrdová, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 297-300  

First symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be very discrete and are often overlooked or remain unresolved. The article provides an overview of most often seen first symptoms of MS which should lead to further examinations. These are paresthaesias, opthalmological symptoms, dizziness, instability, weakness, and also unspecific symptoms like excessive fatique and depression. Nowadays, early diagnostics serves to early start of effective treatment which is the only prevention of later disability. New diagnostic criteria enable to set the diagnosis of MS in a lot of patients in the time of first symptoms. However, careful differential diagnostics...

Dehydration not only in the elderly, drinking regime, return to the water

prof.MUDr.Hana Matějovská Kubešová, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 302-306  

Some aspects of drinking regime are discussed – in healthy subjects, in chronic ill subjects, in seniors and younger persons as well. The importance of the thirst feeling as a late signal is stressed – if this feeling appears, the fluid deficit can be 700–900 ml. The attention is paid to composition of fluids suitable for long term maintenance of drinking regime. As a most suitable is considered water containing no more than 500 mg dissolved minerals per one liter. There are stressed risks of drinking of gased water from metabolic and quantitative point of view. Part of fluids used for drinking regime can be replaced by weak...

Trends in hand hygiene

MUDr.Jarmila Kohoutová

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 308-310  

Hand hygiene is an essential and highly effective procedure in preventing the spread of infections in health care and most cost-effective measures in control of infections.

Akromegalie

MUDr. Eva Motyková

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 306  

Monitoring the impact of seven-day administration of UroMax® Rapid inflammation of the urinary tract

MUDr.Miroslav Louda, Ph.D., PharmDr.Richard Richter, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(6-7): 282-284  

Lower urinary tract infections are common disease. The diagnosis is frequent in daily urological practice. Such patients use natural products before they come to out-patient department or for reconvalescence treatment. The aim of our following was quantification of UroMax® Rapid effect in infections eradication and influence in symptomatology. The preparation summarised standardised extract from Canadian cranberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and mannose. Composition of the UroMax® Rapid is 400 mg D-mannose, 200 mg extract of Canadian cranberry (content 12 mg proanthocyanidins) and 50 mg of extract Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.