Alergie - systémová choroba s individuálním variabilním průběhem

MUDr. Irena Krčmová, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 315  

Combination treatment for hypertension in the year 2012

prof.MUDr.Jindřich Špinar, CSc., FESC, prof.MUDr.Jiří Vítovec, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 319-324  

In the year 2007, new European guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension were issued, followed by both Czech and British guidelines in 2008 and by the Reappraisal of European Guidelines in 2009. In 2011, new NICE (British) guidelines were released and new Czech Society of Hypertension guidelines are prepared in 2012. The individual guidelines are very similar, still some differences exist. The Czech Society of Hypertension has adopted the European classification with three prehypertension grades (optimal, normal, and high-normal blood pressure), three grades of hypertension, and isolated systolic hypertension as an independent...

Vitamin D deficiency - the main culprit of renal bone disease?

MUDr.Petr Táborský

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 326-329  

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many health complications. Natural sources of vitamin D are limited, sun exposure is for many reasons insufficient and vitamin D supplementation is not adequately performed. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and is associated with osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D insufficiency does not cause metabolic bone disease, but precipitates immunity disorders, cell differenciation disturbances and cardiovascular complications. Suboptimal level of vitamin D has been associated with increased risk of autoimmune and infectious diseases, some cancers, arterial hypertension and heart...

Issues of antibiotic resistance and principles of antibiotic treatment of community-acquired infections;

MUDr.Helena Žemličková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 329-332  

situation in the Czech Republic The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in relation to their increasing consumption is a worldwide problem. In the Czech Republic, outpatient consumption of antibiotics is steadily increasing and the composition of the agents used is also changing. This selection pressure results in growing resistance to antibiotics of bacterial pathogens causing community-acquired infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts. As the results of antibiotic resistance monitoring suggest, a preference for certain groups of antibiotics at least reflects the status of resistance to these agents.

Swaying to warfarin status between oral antithrombotic agents?

MUDr.Ján Dindoš

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 334-335  

(Or how a rat poison has become a highly effective medication for people…) Warfarin has been used at prophylaxis and treatment of tromboembolic disaeses as medicament number one, for fifty years. Originally was used as poison for rats. During these 50 years was able to liquidate medicaments from competition, such was Pelentan, medicamnet originally made in Czechoslovakia. Therapy with warfarin for patients with risk of tromboembolic disease had some difficulties and for these reason have been arranged last months new three medicaments on pharmaceutical market as competiotion.First of all is dabigatran, which is target of these article...

Use of bacterial lysates in clinical practice

doc.MUDr.Jaromír Bystroň, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 336-341  

The author presents an overview of the past and present of the clinical use of bacterial lysates. The latest knowledge on the mechanisms of action of these agents is provided and also discussed are the indications and the most common issues concerning the use of bacterial lysates in clinical practice.

Schizophrenia: diagnostics and current therapeutic options

doc.MUDr.Pavel Mohr, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 342-346  

Psychotic disorders are characterized by a loss of touch with reality. The most important disorder from the group is schizophrenia, illness resulting in severe functional impairment. Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical symptomatology and exclusion of other etiology, either organic or toxic. Treatment of schizophrenia is complex, combining pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions. Antipsychotics represent the causal therapy. Currently, the most frequently prescribed drugs are so called atypical antipsychotics. The profile of side effects depends on the antipsychotic receptor affinity. Metabolic side effects and weight gain are gaining...

Urinary incontinence in general practice

MUDr.Roman Staněk

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 347-353  

Urinary incontinence is one of the most urological disease, which general practice meets in his ambulance. Urinary incontinence affects more older population, however we could meet with its in younger age with this problem also. We meet congenital defect less frequently in adult time, because this was diagnosed in children age, due to sonography usually. Nocturnal enuresis and correction after congenital urogenital defects we look in adult. Incidence and prevalence of urinary incontinence is rising with age. Incontinence is more often in women. Development of surgery especially onocological one leads to iatogenic injuries of genitourinal tract...

Probiotics from the perspective of a gynecologist

doc.MUDr.Peter Koliba, CSc.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 354-359  

Vaginal ecosystem is a complex system that provides natural protection against genital inflammatory disease. Despite this, there gynecological infections are currently perhaps the most common problem among adult women. The article provides an overview of the most common clinical forms of vaginal infection, indicating the possibility of their treatment. Current practices in the treatment of vaginal infections can be completed just by using probiotics. Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms with positive influence on human health. The paper presents the possible mechanisms of action of probiotics and their use in prophylaxis, but also...

Abdominal pain

doc.MUDr.Bohumil Seifert, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 360-361  

The causes of abdominal pain cover a wide clinical spektrum. Although most cases in general practice may not be dramatic, physician must be vigilant for the occasional patient with serious physical patology. A careful history followed by appropriate examination helps to clarify the cause. The probability of various diseases depends on the age group. A practical approach to abdominal pain is according to the mode of onset. The patient with acute abdominal pain requires a careful early assessment. Nonacute abdominal pain allows the doctor more time and act but a systematic approach is essential in the history, examination and investigation.

Preparation of the pacient before endoskopy investigation of digestive tract

Lenka Pracná, MUDr.Michal Konečný, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2012; 9(8-9): 362-364  

Physical preparation and informing the patient is very important before every endoscopy investigation. A lot of attention has been paid to education and psychological preparation recently. Every endoscopy has its specific preparation – order to endoscopy, emptying, diet measures, checking the laboratory results. The patient signs the instructions and the agreement with endoscopy. It is important to inform the patient how to behave before the examination, how the examination goes on and how to behave afterwards. Endoscopy belongs to invasive procedure when complication, which we have to inform the patient about, can follow.