Že kočka není pes…

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):147

Photoprotection: key concepts, special patient groups, and current trends

MUDr. Kristýna Sokolová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):153-157 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.020

Sun protection is a key preventive tool in dermatology. The text summarizes the basic principles of protection against UV radiation and describes the acute and chronic consequences of UV exposure, such as solar dermatitis, photoaging, and skin tumors. Special attention is paid to specific patient groups, particularly children, patients with photosensitivity, and immunosuppressed individuals, for whom consistent photoprotection is essential. Photoprotection is presented as a comprehensive long-term strategy with a significant impact on the prevention of skin diseases and carcinogenesis.

Migraine and the cervical spine - is neck pain related to migraine, and vice versa?

MUDr. Petra Migaľová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):158-163 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.024

Migraine is the third most common neurological disease. It is also one of the most disabling diseases in the world. Migraine, especially chronic, can be mistaken for tension or cervicogenic headache. Neck pain is common in patients with migraine. It occurs as a prodrome, can be present during an attack or between attacks. It can be a trigger for migraine, but also a concomitant disease. Coexisting cervical spine pain in migraine is associated with greater disability and poorer response to treatment. Patients are often misdiagnosed, leave the doctor with a diagnosis of cervical spine pain and are not adequately treated. The aim of this work is to describe...

When rhinitis is more than just rhinitis: rhinitis in clinical practice -diagnosis, treatment and warning signs

MUDr. Barbora Podmajerská

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):164-168 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.021

Rhinitis represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezing, and itching of the nasal mucosa. The most common forms include allergic, non-allergic, and infectious rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated, Th2-driven inflammatory disease with a significant impact on quality of life and is closely associated with bronchial asthma. The ARIA classification distinguishes intermittent and persistent forms and assesses severity according to impairment of sleep and daily activities. Non-allergic rhinitis comprises multiple phenotypes without evidence of systemic allergy, and their recognition is essential...

Anemia - which conditions can be managed in general practice

MUDr. Eva Havlová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):169-175 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.023

Anemia is a common finding in primary care and is defined in adults over 15 years of age as a hemoglobin concentration below 135 g/L in men and below 120 g/L in women. Initial evaluation should include a complete blood count with leukocyte differential and reticulocyte count. Classification according to mean corpuscular volume (MCV) into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemia helps guide further diagnostics. The article focuses mainly on iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, which can frequently be diagnosed and treated in general practice. Diagnostic algorithms, treatment principles, and...

Abdominal pain in general practice - warning signs and atypical presentations of acute abdominal emergencies

MUDr. Maxim Sirotin, MUDr. Tomáš Vidim, MUDr. Karel Veškrňa

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):176-180 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.009

Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms that brings patients to a physician's office. Although not every case of abdominal pain requires urgent surgical care, in patients with an acute abdomen it is a time-sensitive issue. This article provides an overview of warning signs, atypical presentations of common acute abdominal conditions, and less common but extremely urgent surgical diagnoses. The aim of the article is not to provide a comprehensive differential diagnosis of abdominal pain or a definitive diagnostic algorithm. Rather, it is intended to present a practical framework for recognizing situations in which delay may lead to serious...

Current approaches to symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis in the primary care setting

MUDr. Lenka Perecová, MUDr. Zuzana Rous, Ph.D., MUDr. Mária Czakóová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):182-186 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Although the exact cause of MS is still unknown, advances in both diagnostics and treatment - particularly the introduction of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) - have significantly improved patient outcomes and enable individuals to lead more fulfilling lives. Despite the ability of these modern therapies to slow disease activity, many patients, especially after years of disease progression, develop symptoms that substantially impair their quality of life, ranging from fatigue, spasticity, and gait disturbances to autonomic dysfunction, pain, and cognitive deficits....

Climacteric health issues: different diagnosic and treatment options

MUDr. Jana Racková

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):188-192 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.026

Perimenopause and menopause represent key phases of reproductive aging in women, triggering endocrine, metabolic and cellular changes. Traditionally, they have been perceived primarily as hormonally conditioned processes with the occurrence of vasomotor symptoms. Current findings show that menopause reflects a broader biological aging process involving molecular and systemic alterations. The associated hormonal imbalance contributes to bone loss, central fat accumulation, changes in the urogenital, immune and nervous systems with an increased cardiovascular risk. The menopausal period also predisposes women to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome....

Mesenteric ischaemia: an interdisciplinary perspective

MUDr. Matej Pekař, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Lubomír Blaha, MBA

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):196-199 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.008

Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a serious clinical condition with overall short-term mortality exceeding 50-60 %. Although the incidence of the acute form surpasses 60/100 000 inhabitants per year in the population of patients over 70, the diagnosis is still established with an alarming frequency of delay or only at autopsy. The key prerequisite for patient survival is not so much the availability of modern treatment as active clinical suspicion on the part of the first-contact physician. This review summarises the pathophysiology, aetiological classification, diagnostic algorithm and therapeutic options for both forms of ischaemia - acute and...

Excessively low energy intake during obesity treatment with incretin analogs: clinical risks and management in primary care

Mgr. Erika Čermáková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):201-204 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.025

Pharmacological treatment of obesity using GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual incretin analogs represents a major advancement in weight loss options. However, in addition to the expected reduction in energy intake, some patients may experience excessive food restriction, which can lead to nutritional and functional complications. This problem, which is often overlooked and not sufficiently addressed in current guidelines, primarily involves protein malnutrition, reduced physical performance, fatigue, the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and impaired long-term treatment adherence. The article summarizes the main clinical risks of excessively low energy...

Let's improve prevention: Late diagnosis of patients at the HIV Center Ostrava in 2020-2025

MUDr. Alena Zjevíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Olbrechtová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):205-208 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.027

The HIV pandemic has lasted for more than four decades. However, a significant number of people continue to become newly infected. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can ensure a good quality of life and is also used as prevention. After a certain period of use, ART leads to an undetectable viral load and effectively prevents the transmission of HIV to other people. For this reason, since 2015 it has been initiated in all individuals as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis is established. Due to the increasing number of newly diagnosed HIV-positive clients with reduced immunity at the HIV Centre in Ostrava, we decided to analyse the percentage of individuals...

Antihypertensive drugs and their drug interactions in general practice

MUDr. Karel Lábr, Ph.D., MUDr. Monika Špinarová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):211-214 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.011

Drug interactions are a frequent and clinically important cause of poor blood pressure control, adverse effects of antihypertensive treatment and worsening kidney function. In general practice, it is important to consider not only interactions among antihypertensive agents themselves, but also commonly used prescription and over-the-counter drugs that may increase blood pressure or reduce treatment efficacy. The most relevant examples include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nasal decongestants with sympathomimetic activity, selected antidepressants, glucocorticoids and hormonal therapy. Particularly important are combinations of renin-angiotensin...

Potřebujeme atypické anxiolytikum?

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2026;23(3):193-194