50 let antikoncepční pilulky

Mgr. Michaela Majerová

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 351  

Management of (resistant) dyslipidaemia

MUDr. Jan Piťha, CSc.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 355-359  

Successful treatment of dyslipidemias is a cornerstone in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In high risk patients, especially diabetics with history of cardiovascular disease, aggressive lowering of all atherogenic lipid components is definitely crucial for their destiny. The achievement of desired blood lipids is therefore more challenging and demands intensive life style counselling together with judicious use of higher doses and combinations of lipid lowering drugs, especially statins and fibrates. On the other hand, with increasing number of patients treated with hypolipemic drugs, increasing doses of mainly statins and in addition the...

Influenza and seasonal respiratory diseases

MUDr. Hana Fojtů

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 360-364  

The list of seasonal respiratory diseases includes not only the serious disease of influenza but also various other less serious respiratory diseases. Despite the similarity in the symptoms and the season of occurrence, influenza still remains a serious disease that, during a global pandemic, may cause tremendous problems in all areas of life and affect up to 50 % of the population. Some more trivial respiratory diseases also occur during this season; however, their occurrence, too, tends to be of epidemic nature.

Macrolide antibiotics and their use in outpatient practice

prof. MUDr. Jiří Havlík, DrSc.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 365-367  

Oral macrolide antibiotics including spiramycin and semisynthetic derivatives of erythromycin A – roxithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are only second to beta-lactam antibiotics as the most commonly prescribed antibiotics by physicians in outpatient practice. They act against the most prevalent typical as well as atypical causative agents of respiratory infections and are well-tolerated by both children and adults. They are administered only twice or even just once a day, have few or no undesirable effects and only rarely interfere with other drugs.

Drug abuse and infectious diseases

MUDr. Jiřina Hobstová, CSc.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 368-371  

Seventy percent of long-term drug users use an intravenous route for taking their drug (IDUs). This access carries the highest risk of acquiring infections, either blood-borne or bacterial ones. The most frequent blood-borne infections are viral hepatitis B (VHB), viral hepatitis C (VHC) and HIV infection. Nearly one third of IDUs with a five-year drug career had already experienced VHB and VHC. Since the general vaccination against VHB in 2001, the incidence of VHB has been slowly decreasing. In the year 2008, 307 cases of hepatitis B were reported and 134 of them had a history of risk behavior and a half of them were IDUs. The incidence of VHC...

Diarrhoeal diseases - from a clinical point of view

MUDr.Helena Ambrožová, Ph.D.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 372-375  

Diarrhoeal diseases rang among the most frequent infectious diseases. 43,592 cases of diarrhoeal diseases (EPIDAT) were noted in the Czech Republic in the year 2009. Bacterial infections dominate but viral diarrhoeal diseases have been underreported in the long term. Differential diagnosis, clinical picture, complications, diagnostics and treatment of diarrhoeal diseases are described in the article. diagnostics, treatment.

Occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis in general practice

MUDr.Karin Boušová, Ph.D., MUDr.Irena Krčmová, CSc.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 376-379  

Work-related bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis include occupational asthma/rhinitis as diseases that were caused by the factors of work environment and preexisting asthma/rhinitis getting worse in work environment. There is possibility to report an occupational disease in the first mentioned case only. In context with bronchial asthma, general practitioner has to solve these situations: 1. assesment of the diagnosis asthma bronchiale, 2. the question of occupational cause of confirmed disease, 3. the convenient work for persons with asthma and allergic rhinitis. In the article, there is described the decision procedure in solving of mentioned...

Pneumonia in the hands of the general practitioner

MUDr.Norbert Pauk, Ph.D.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 380-383  

Pulmonary inflammations are primarily caused by an infection but can also be of non-infectious origin. The noninfectious ones, also referred to as pneumonitides, include inhalation (often related to occupational exposure), hypersensitive (allergic) and iatrogenic (drug-induced), hypostatic or idiopathic interstitial pneumonitides. The present article deals with mild community-acquired pneumonias that can be treated on an outpatient basis as well as in the general practitioner’s surgery.

Zoonoses - the most common clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis

MUDr.Dita Smíšková

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 384-386  

Zoonoses represent a major portion of the reported infectious diseases in the Czech republic. They are transmitted by a number of animals; with some of them, humans live in close contact or frequently come into contact with their products. Diagnosing zoonoses may be difficult but some clinical manifestations are typical and may be of importance in identifying the disease. These include lymphadenopathy, gastrointestinal symptoms, meningeal syndrome and respiratory symptoms. In most zoonoses, the diagnosis is indirect. The course can be complicated, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The awareness of and adherence to the preventive...

Urinary syndroms

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Teplan, DrSc.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 391-394  

Urine analysis represents basic examination in nephrology.Easy can be detected urinary pathology, following by more detailed special examination and medical management.

Fatty acids

MUDr.Zuzana Grofová

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 388-390  

Fatty acids represent the main component of lipids, resp. fats. They are very important energy resources for the whole body. They have structural roles and are precursors for other important molecules, e. g. prostaglandins and different signal molecules. Their supply is essential for a good development of a central nervous system. The correct ratio omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in our nutrition help to attenuate the systemic inflammatory reaction. The increased intake of food containing omega-3 fatty acids, especially sea fish, and restriction of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and aggravated consumption of omega-6...

Assessment methods of nutritional status of elderly people

PhDr.Radka Kozáková, doc.PhDr.Darja Jarošová, Ph.D.

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 396-397  

Nutrition disorders in old age is a serious problem. Early detection of malnutrition in old age can we avoid the worsening functional performance, serious medical complications, increased morbidity and mortality and deterioration of quality of life. The practice is usually done with a combination of several interrogation techniques. Bring an overview of selected basic methods used to diagnose eating disorders in the elderly people – the nutritional history, physical examination and anthropometric and laboratory nutritional testing. laboratory testing.

Autodidaktický test 8/2010

Med. Pro Praxi 2010; 7(10): 398