Co je nového v alergologii?

doc. MUDr. Petr Panzner, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):207  

Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure by GP

MUDr.Marie Lazárová, doc.MUDr.Miloš Táborský, Ph.D., FESC, MBA

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):211-213  

Chronic heart failure represents a big medical and socioeconomic burden, because of still growing number of patients with this disease. This fact is also due to a recent development in cardiology, especially in the care of acute cardiac patients. Development of the whole care system for HF patients is very important, the patients should be well educated, on optimal therapy according to the most recent guidelines. Especially the need for establishing specialized clinics for HF that provide adequate diagnostics, treatment and education of patients in a co-operation with their primary care providers is very important. This fact could contribute...

Biological therapy in nephrology

doc.MUDr.Romana Ryšavá, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):214-220  

Biological therapy is becoming increasingly common in everyday practice. In nephrological disease there are more patients, due to improved survival, who fail to respond to standard treatment or relapse following its termination. Biological drugs are substances of protein nature that are targeted against a target antigen or cytokine, thereby becoming more sparing of the body. This does not imply, however, that the use of these agents cannot be associated with adverse events. Among those, used particularly in the past, are intravenous human immunoglobulins that, by binding autoantibodies, result in the control of the immune process. Their use...

Tuberculosis - the transformation of care, its benefits and risks

prof.MUDr.Vítězslav Kolek, DrSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):220-221  

The characteristics of tuberculosis are changing worldwide. Albeit relative parameters of incidence, prevalence and especially mortality are decreasing, absolute numbers stay to be extremely high. Every year 9.8 millions fell ill and 1.4 millions people die. During last two years WHO changed international standards of diagnostics and treatment. According to these standards, the Czech system of vaccination was changed in the sense, that only risk groups of children are vaccinated soon after delivery. The Czech Republic belongs to countries with the lowest incidence of tuberculosis. Last complete data from the year 2010 showed incidence 6.5/100...

Self-monitoring of blood glucose

MUDr.Tomáš Edelsberger

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):222-226  

Self-monitoring of blood glucose is nowadays an integral part of beeing of diabetic patients. An active complicity of a patient with diabetes on a control and therapy of the disease belongs to complex diabetes care. Every diabetic patient shloud get an adequate knowledge about principles of the disease needed to perform lifestyle and therapeutical decisions within self-management of his diabetes. Selfmonitoring of blood glucose for patients with type 1 diabetes and for those with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin is beneficial in prevention of acute and chronic vascular complications.

Differential diagnosis of imported febrile conditions in primary care

doc.MUDr.Rastislav Maďar, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):227-229  

An increased number of travellers to exotic areas of developing countries puts increased demands on primary care physicians. Delay in correct diagnosis, isolation, and treatment may cause worsening of the patient's health condition with potential serious complications and present a threat to the health and life of other people in the Czech Republic due to autochthonous transmission of the infection within the country's territory. In addition to intestinal complaints, febrile conditions of varying aetiology are among the most frequent health problems of Czech travellers to foreign countries. They often last several days and require thorough...

New antithrombotic drugs and their current indications

doc.MUDr.Tomáš Kvasnička, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):230-232  

Due to its incidence, morbidity, and mortality, thromboembolic disease (TED) is a major global socioeconomic issue. Antithrombotic prevention and treatment are among the most widespread issues in contemporary medicine. TED remains to be one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Currently, heparins, pentasaccharides, and warfarin are used in this area. The latter, in spite of its undeniable effect, is a problematic drug, particularly for the interindividual variability of its effect, risk of drug as well as food interactions, and a narrow therapeutic window. The development of new, orally effective anticoagulants has focused primarily...

Thyroid disease in pregnancy

MUDr.Jan Jiskra, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):233-237  

Thyroid disease affects a significant proportion of women of childbearing age and, when untreated, it may cause infertility, complications in pregnancy, and fetal developmental defects. Laboratory standards for thyroid parameters are different from those for the general population. The most reliable and best standardized parameter in pregnancy is serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which should be kept in the range of 0.1–2.5 mIU/L in the first trimester. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy must always be treated, with replacement therapy being initiated with a full dose and the TSH level maintained up to 2.5 mIU/L. Propylthiouracyl is used...

Panic disorder

MUDr.Petr Šilhán, prof.MUDr.Ján Pavlov Praško, CSc., MUDr.Dana Kamarádová, MUDr.et Bc.Aleš Grambal, PhDr.Tomáš Diveky

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):238-242  

Panic disorder is a common disease characterised by recurrent massive attacks of sudden anxiety, accompanied by various somatic symptoms and fearful thoughts. Panic disorder can have both acute and chronic course and may be associated with reduction in quality of life. Although there are many neurobiological and psychological hypotheses, there are still many questions to be answered. Anxiolytics can be useful for short-therm treatment, for long-term treatment we use SSRI. At least equeal effect proved cognitive behavioural therapy.

Sleep and hypertension

MUDr.Vilém Novák, MUDr.Martina Plačková

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):242-246  

We have increasing amount of knowledge concerning the physiology and pathophysiology of sleep, including the impact of sleep pathologies on internal diseases. The blood pressure decreases in sleep by 10–20 % – this so called dipping is lacking in part of the hypertensive patients. The most important sleep pathology is the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is preventable and curable cause of secondary hypertension.

Photoprotectives

Mgr.Dana Koktavá

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):246-248  

Sun is our nearest star. Solar radiation can be harmful, but the impact on the body, especially the skin. Dermatologists around the world highlight the need to protect the skin from sunlight

Overview of respiratory devices for respiratory hygiene in practice

Mgr.Petra Žurková, prof.MUDr.Jana Skřičková, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2012;9(5):250-255  

Obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases show a decrease in lung fuction, respiratory muscle strength, hypoxia and hypecapnia, thereby contributing to greater morbidity and mortality. The non-pharmacological therapy for these patients is the possibility of using wind aids under the expert guidance of a physiotherapist or doctor. They are mainly used for the facilitation and the removal of bronchial secretions from the respiratory tract and respiratory muscles maintain strength and thereby increase lung function and quality of life. This article aims to give report of breathing instruments and their practical application, which are normally...