Proč pacienty varovat před workoholismem?

Mgr. et Mgr. Jana Vyskočilová

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):287  

Infectological approach to chronic fatigue syndrom

MUDr. Markéta Geleneky

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):292-294  

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a multisystem disease of the previously unknown aetiology. The dominant symptom is persistent fatigue, significantly limiting the patient's activity. The essence of the syndrome appears to be altered reactivity to environmental stress, the development is apparently caused by disorders and dysregulations of immunity and neuroendocrine system, psychogenic factors also have a significant influence. The trigger may be a number of stimuli that are still under discussion. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, with the emphasis on excluding other (especially organic) causes of the disease. There is no causal therapy, treatment...

Pulmonary embolism in the practice

doc. MUDr. Jaromír Chlumský, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):296-299  

Pulmonary embolism is a disease commonly encountered in the clinical practice. It is typically taken into consideration in patients who present with a classic triad – dyspnoea, chest pain, and haemoptysis – but also in those with atypical manifestations, including pleural syndrome, back pain, or, in the elderly, confusion. D-dimer testing and an angio-CT scan of the lungs are essential in the diagnostic process. Examination is aimed at elucidating the aetiology of pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant therapy is initiated once this diagnosis has been suspected. At present, thrombolytic therapy is reserved for those in shock; the other patients...

Treatment and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections

MUDr. Miroslava Ryšánková

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):300-304  

Recurrent urinary tract infections are frequently diagnosed by primary care physicians. This most commonly involves cystitis inwomen and cystoprostatitis in men. Pyelonephritis is another common recurrent condition. Treatment of the infection itself is notdifficult. In recurrent infections, it is essential to identify the causative agent and treat in a targeted manner. Also of importance isa set of measures in order to prevent recurring attacks. Success rests in a combination of lifestyle measures, natural substances,immunoprophylaxis or chemoprophylaxis.

Specific features of HIV infection in primary care

MUDr. David Jilich

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):305-308  

Originally a disease with a fatal outcome, HIV infection has changed over time into a condition with a chronic course, representing nearly no health limitations for most of those affected. Healthcare facilities are to provide good-quality care to all patients regardless of their primary diagnosis. In order for the visits to those with HIV infection to occur without complications from both a professional and social perspective, an HIV specialist provides information required as part of primary care provision. After briefly introducing the issue of HIV infection, the text deals with the management of care of individuals with this diagnosis in the Czech...

Psoriasis as a risk factor of metabolic diseases

MUDr. Iva Lomicová, prof. MUDr. Petra Cetkovská, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):309-311  

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, often associated with other comorbidities. Over one third of patients suffer frompsoriatic arthritis, patients more frequently develop metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events, which subsequently lead tolife-shortening. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor patients for cardiovascular risk factors in cooperation with generalpractitioner and corresponding specialists. Early detection and treatment of metabolic syndrome might prevent developmentof cardiovascular diseases as well as improve the psoriasis severity.

When to consider inflammatory rheumatic disease in the differential diagnosis of back pain?

MUDr. Olga Šléglová

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):312-317  

Aim: To highlight the need for early diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic causes of back pain that, due to their rare occurrence, tend to be overlooked easily in patients with back pain. Summary: The group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases of the back (spondyloarthritides /SpA/) include autoimmune inflammatory diseases wherein the inflammation affects the axial skeleton, root joints, and peripheral joints, predominantly in the lower limbs. The most common disease of the SpA group is ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew’s disease). The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis has been based on the 1984 modified New York criteria which require radiographic...

Vitamin D deficiency and immune functions

prof. MUDr. Ivan Šterzl, CSc., MUDr Richard Pikner, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):318-322  

Vitamin D deficiency and immune functions Vitamin D deficiency is associated with calcium phosphate metabolism disorders, but also vitamin D has been shown to have significant effects on the immune system, which affects the whole organism. Vitamin D maintains homeostasis, the individual's position in the environment and is one of the most important regulatory systems of the body with incredible adaptability. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in rate of inflammations, infections, withe development of number of immunopathological diseases such as autoimmune diseases (asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, type 1 diabetes...

Patient with classical dengue fever

MUDr. Ing. Robin Šín, MBA, MUDr. Natálie Krajčíková, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):336-338  

Dengue fever is an endemic acute infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions caused by one of five dengue virus serotypes. The viruses are transmitted by the Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue infection results in varying degrees of disease, ranging from mild dengue fever through severe hemorrhagic fever, to escalation of dengue shock syndrome, which may cause death. This case report of a 25-year-old man describes a typical course of uncomplicated dengue after returning from Thailand. Classical symptoms such as fever, rash, muscle and joint pain, and leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were seen in the patient. The treatment...

Secondary dyslipidaemia – overview for general practitioners

MUDr. Martin Šatný, prof. MUDr. Michal Vrablík, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):332-335  

Secondary dyslipidaemia is caused by a causal relationship to other disease or environmental factors. According to current knowledges, it is evident that the genetic background of the individual also plays an important role in this type of dyslipidaemia; this theory supports f.e. the individual's sensitivity to exogenous influences or lifestyle. Typically, secondary dyslipidaemias are associated with different endocrinopathies (especially hypothyroidism), diabetes, nephropathies, hepatopathies, autoimmune diseases or alcohol abuse. A separate group consists of, not enough discussed, dyslipidaemias following drug administration, eg. diuretics, non-selective...

Bladder cancer

MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Filipenský, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):328-331  

Bladder cancer affects men more often. Smoking is a very important factor in the development of this cancer. The most commonsymptom of bladder cancer is macroscopic hematuria. The most common bladder tumors are urothelial epithelial tumors.Installation therapy is indicated in the treatment of non-invasive tumors. The basis for the treatment of invasive tumors is radicalcystectomy with potential neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic regimens of locally advanced or metastatic tumorsare based on cisplatin.

Snakebite envenoming

Mgr. Zuzana Pražáková, Mgr. Romana Pucholtová

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):346-350  

This article deals with basic specific information related to the envenoming of a patient resulting from venomous snake bite. Thecomponents of snake venom, its effects on the affected person, clinical manifestations, first aid and subsequent treatment aredescribed and nursing care.

Vaskulární věk

MUDr. Pavel Rutar

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):324-326  

Očkování: Co je zřejmé, ale není samozřejmé

Med. praxi. 2019;16(5):339-344