Medicine for Practice - Latest articles
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Medication and baveragesPharmacological profile
PharmDr. Josef Suchopár, MUDr. Štěpán Suchopár
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):57-63 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.079
Proper co-ingestion of oral medications with an appropriate beverage is crucial to ensure their efficacy and safety. However, studies have shown that most patients do not take their medications with water as recommended, but instead use other drinks such as tea, fruit juices, or alcohol. This practice can lead to clinically significant drug interactions. These interactions most commonly arise from the inhibition of transporters such as OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, or the CYP3A4 enzyme, resulting in decreased or increased bioavailability of medications. For example, green tea, grapefruit juice, or orange juice may reduce the absorption of fexofenadine, lisinopril,...
Kardiovaskulární prevence v linii s národním kardiovaskulárním plánemHeard at a congress
MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):52-56
Dermatoscopy in general practiceInterdisciplinary overviews
MUDr. Lubomír Drlík
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):47-51 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.061
Dermocopy is a higly useful method enhancing accuracy in diagnosis of skin diseases. It is based between clinical and histologic examination. The method has developed in the last 30 years. Beside crucial role in pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma diagnosis, dermoscopy encompasses a broad field of indications.
Macular diseasesInterdisciplinary overviews
doc. MUDr. Tomáš Sosna, Ph.D., MUDr. Bc. Tomáš Novotný, FEBO, MUDr. Kateřina Myslík Manethová, Ph.D., FEBO
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):38-46 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.076
Maculopathies are a diverse group of diseases that affect the central area of the retina, the yellow spot - macula lutea, which is responsible for central vision. If this part of the retina is damaged by any disease, visual acuity often deteriorates to the point of practical blindness. The macula is a very specific part of the retina from a histoanatomical point of view. In the article, we deal with the most common diseases of the macula, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and central serous chorioretinopathy. We also mention other causes of maculopathies such as genetic, vascular, hematological diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes...
Diseases of the scalp: an overview for general practitionersInterdisciplinary overviews
MUDr. Kristýna Papajíková, MUDr. Renata Kučerová, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):33-37 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.078
Diseases of the scalp are a common reason for visits not only to specialized dermatology clinics but also to general practitioners. This review article provides general practitioners with comprehensive information on the most common scalp conditions - dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and tinea capitis. It discusses their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic options, and current therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between individual conditions and on the personalization of treatment, including relapse prevention. The article also reflects current insights into the role...
Adrenal incidentalomas: management approachInterdisciplinary overviews
doc. MUDr. Ondřej Petrák Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Tomáš Zelinka, CSc.
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):28-32 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.072
Incidentalomas are adrenal masses detected on imaging performer for reasons other than suspected adrenal disease. They include a wide spectrum of diagnoses from completely benign and insignificant findings to hormonally active tumors, to possible rare adrenal cortex carcinoma or metastatic disease. The following article contains a basic diagnostic and therapeutic approach considering currently valid European guidelines on management of adrenal incidentalomas. It includes several basic considerations, namely when to think about malignancy and hormonally active form, when to operate and how follow up the patient.
Beta-blokátory/blokátory kalciových kanálů již nejsou jedinou léčebnou možností u pacientů s obstrukční hypertrofickou kardiomyopatiíHeard at a congress
MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):23-27
Vegetarianism and veganism - what's the right attitude?Review articles
Mgr. Martin Krobot, Ph.D., Mgr. Marina Jeřábková, MUDr. Eliška Selinger, MSc
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):17-21 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2026.003
Plant-based diets are gaining popularity due to health, environmental and ethical factors, and an increasingly broad segment of the Czech population is adopting them. Evidence shows that a well-planned plant-based diet can offer substantial health benefits, especially in preventing non-communicable diseases, and can be appropriate across all life stages with adequate supplementation. Poorly planned plant-based diets, however, may pose nutritional risks, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women. Recent position statements increasingly recognise plant-based diets as suitable, while emphasising the need for supervision in...
New from the new year: NT-proBNP in preventive health check-upsReview articles
MUDr. Helena Kostková, Mgr. Tereza Kubecová
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):12-16 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.081
Heart failure is a common and prognostically serious syndrome, where early detection in primary care significantly impacts mortality, morbidity, and patients' quality of life. Natriuretic peptides, particularly NT-proBNP, have become a standard component in the diagnosis of heart failure. An amendment to the preventive check-up regulation, effective from January 1, 2026, introduces NT-proBNP testing into preventive examinations for selected risk groups. This broadens the opportunities for general practitioners to actively identify early stages of heart failure. The article outlines the key principles of NT-proBNP interpretation and highlights the main...
Breast cancer - when to genetically test first-degree relatives of patients with hereditary predispositionReview articles
doc. MUDr. Ing. Jakub Cvek, Ph.D., MUDr. Zlatuše Bravencová
Med. praxi. 2026;23(1):8-11 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.074
The familial form of breast cancer constitutes a clinically significant subgroup of the disease, associated with germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other susceptibility genes. This article reviews current recommendations for genetic testing in relatives of patients with confirmed or suspected hereditary breast cancer, including testing indications, genetic counseling procedures, and risk stratification strategies. It further discusses surveillance and individualized screening protocols aimed at early cancer detection and reduction of mortality in high-risk populations. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of genetic...
Abstrakta: 4. kongres Medicíny pro praxi v Českých Budějovicích, 28. 2. – 1. 3. 2025, Clarion Congress Hotel České BudějoviceSupplementum
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Med. praxi. 2025;22(Suppl.B) 
Abstrakta: 11. kongres Medicíny pro praxi v Ostravě, 14.–15. února 2025, Clarion Congress Hotel OstravaSupplementum
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Med. praxi. 2025;22(Suppl.A)
Infekční respirační onemocnění Editorial
prof. MUDr. Petr Pazdiora, CSc.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):311
General principles for assessing fitness to drive -framework guidelines for general practitionersGood advice
PhDr. Roman Hradil, Mgr. Veronika Kurečková, MUDr. Pavel Řezáč
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):380-382 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.066
The assessment of fitness to drive represents a critical responsibility for general practitioners (GPs), requiring a careful balance between ensuring road safety and consideringthebroaderimplicationsofrestrictinganindividual'sability to drive. Driving is a multifaceted task that extends beyond the mechanical control of a vehicle; it encompasses traffic navigation, strategic decision-making, planning, and is strongly influenced by the driver's lifestyle. These domains must be integrated into the GP's clinical judgement. Particular challenges arise when assessing drivers from high-risk groups, including elderly adults, individuals with mild cognitive...
Vaccination of adults in the Czech public health insurance systemGood advice
MUDr. Daniela Fránová
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):375-379 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.037
Vaccination of adults in the public health insurance system has rules given by legislation and conditions of health insurance companies for reimbursement of those types of vaccinations that are covered by public health insurance. It is necessary to use the correct terminology, have an overview of the legislative standards governing the conditions of vaccination, have professional information on the use of vaccines and have knowledge of the correct reporting of vaccinations both for reimbursement to health insurance companies and for the central registration of vaccinations in the Czech Republic through the Information System of Infectious Diseases (ISIN).
Anabolic steroid abuse as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidityCase report
MUDr. Filip Král, MUDr. Karel Lábr, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Roman Panovský, Ph.D., MUDr. Monika Špinarová, Ph.D., MSc., MUDr. Veronika Bednárová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jiří Seménka, MUDr. Roland Oravský, MUDr. Andrej Nagy, MUDr. Katarína Doležalová, MUDr. Blanka Fisherová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Krejčí, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):371-373 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.036
This case report highlights the cardiovascular risks associated with the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) through the example of a previously healthy male without known risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Chronic AAS use led to the development of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) due to IHD, complicated by recurrent arrhythmias and requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D). The case underscores the importance of early detection of risky behavior, the need for interdisciplinary care, and education of the target population.
Myocarditis in the differential diagnosis of dyspneaCase report
MUDr. Petra Appeltauerová, MUDr. Julius Godava, MUDr. Hana Poloczková, Ph.D., MUDr. Karel Lábr, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Krejčí, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):366-370 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.044
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that can have infectious (most commonly viral) or non-infectious origins, including autoimmune or toxic causes. The disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from a subclinical course to fulminant forms ending in acute heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive approach, including history, laboratory tests, imaging, and in some cases, endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment depends on the severity of the course and may include targeted immunosuppression or antiviral therapy in addition to symptomatic therapy and treatment of heart...
Risk of rapid heart rate in atrial fibrillation - case report with discussionCase report
prof. MUDr. Štěpán Havránek, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):362-365 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.059
The article presents a case study of a patient with untreated arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. The patient's condition was complicated by the development of heart failure due to arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. The case study is followed by an analysis focusing on the appropriate treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with atrial fibrillation and the importance of heart rate-lowering therapy for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
Vitamin D in senior in institutional care: personal experiencesCase report
prof. MUDr. Ondřej Topolčan, CSc., MUDr. Hedvika Mikolášová, Mgr. Bc. Martina Peštová, doc. MUDr. Václav Šimánek, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Šárka Svobodová, Ph.D., prof. PharmDr. Radek Kučera, Ph.D., MUDr. Michal Jirásko, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):358-361 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.077
Vitamin D plays a key role in regulating bone metabolism, immune function, and overall health. In seniors, especially those in institutional care, vitamin D deficiency is common due to limited exposure to sunlight, poor diet, and polypharmacy, among other factors. As part of a study conducted at the Municipal Social Services Institute in Pilsen (Městský ústav sociálních služeb), the serum vitamin D levels of clients were assessed, and the results confirmed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis. Regular monitoring and adequate vitamin D supplementation should be an integral part of senior care, as they represent a simple and effective means of improving...
Senile cataract - is genetics or lifestyle to blame?Interdisciplinary overviews
MUDr. Dorota Stodůlková
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):353-356 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.060
Cataract - lens opacity, is defined as clouding of the crystalline lens resulting in its refractive index change and subsequent decrease in visual acuity. The development of senile cataract is multifactorial, involving both preventable and non-preventable factors. Genetic predisposition may increase the vulnerability of the lens to exogenous cataractogenic influences. However, adherence to a healthy lifestyle can partly compensate for this susceptibility. In cataract prevention, it is important to identify hereditary risks based on family history, whilst reducing modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors is essential.
Tattoo - health risksInterdisciplinary overviews
doc. MUDr. Karel Ettler, CSc.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):347-352 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.064
Tattoos, once confined to subcultures, have permeated mainstream society, transforming from symbols of rebellion to forms of personal expression. While their artistic and cultural significance is undeniable, it's crucial to examine tattoos through a medical lens, understanding their history, the science behind their creation, their biological impact, and the psychological motivations that drive individuals to mark their skin.
Benefits and risk of bone mineral density measurement in osteoporosis diagnosisInterdisciplinary overviews
prof. MUDr. Vladimír Palička, CSc.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):343-346 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.065
One of the fundamental diagnostic methods for monitoring disorders of bone metabolism is the measurement of bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This method allows the determination of bone mineral content at key diagnostic sites, specifically the lumbar spine and the proximal femur, and in some cases, the distal forearm. It is a rapid, non-invasive, and well-standardized technique that uses a global reference database for interpreting results. Despite its apparent simplicity, the measurement requires great care and proper execution. The results can be easily compromised by incorrect measurement procedures or improper interpretation....
Diagnosis of back pain from the perspective of an orthopaedic and a spine surgeonInterdisciplinary overviews
prof. MUDr. Martin Repko, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):338-342 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.068
Back pain, with its increasing incidence and socioeconomic importance, is a real medical problem that requires accurate diagnosis with optimization of subsequent treatment. Of particular importance in the diagnosis of these problems is the differentiation of non-specific back pain from structural organic disorders of the spine. The knowledge and use of clinical and imaging methods allow accurate differentiation of the origin and nature of specific back pain. Interdisciplinary collaboration between general practitioners and specialists from different disciplines provides effective health care for joint patients. Patients with non-specific back pain,...
Results of the Czech Myeloma group project CRAB IIInterdisciplinary overviews
prof. MUDr. Vladimír Maisnar, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Jan Straub
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):333-337 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.075
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the Czech Republic, and its incidence continues to rise. Clinical experience shows that up to half of patients with multiple myeloma begin treatment late due to delayed diagnosis. The original CRAB project by the Czech Myeloma Group was aimed at addressing this issue. The current article summarizes the results of the questionnaire phase of the CRAB II project, which is intended to be followed by a large-scale information campaign about the symptoms of the disease, including recommended diagnostic procedures when a possible connection to this serious condition is suspected. Improving...
Inflammatory bowel diseaseReview articles
MUDr. Pavel Svoboda, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):329-332 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.067
Idiopathic bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis are chronic autoimmune diseases whose etiology is unknown. The main symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, rectal bleeding, and fatigue. The diagnosis of both diseases is based on a combination of clinical data, laboratory tests, and imaging examinations. Although we are still unable to cure them completely, treatment has made significant progress. Biological and innovative therapies have fundamentally changed the fate of these patients.
Sudden cardiac death, what we need to knowReview articles
MUDr. Alice Krebsová, Ph.D., Mgr. Eva Kutílková, Ph.D., Mgr. Šárka Nováková, MUDr. Štěpánka Pohlová Kučerová, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):324-328 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.063
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in individuals under 50 years of age is caused in a significant percentage by hereditary cardiovascular disease. Identification of these cases, post-mortem genetic testing and family cascade screening is the first step towards primary prevention of sudden death in relatives at risk and requires multidisciplinary and multicentric care. Finding a certain hereditary cause of sudden death is generally possible in about 20 % of cases, however, in families with a positive history of sudden death or heart failure and/or malignant arrhythmias, genetic testing is successful in up to half of the families. In the Czech Republic, a...
Immune system - can it be boosted/influenced?Review articles
prof. MUDr. Jiřina Bartůňková, DrSc.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):319-323 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.051
The immune system provides a balance between a defensive response to pathogens and tolerance to harmless stimuli. Disturbances in this balance lead to immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, allergies, or cancer. Recurrent respiratory infections are a frequent problem in clinical practice, especially among general practitioners. Their cause tends to be multifactorial - from anatomical anomalies to allergies, mucosal immunity disorders, and lifestyle errors. Mucosal immunity plays a key role in airway defense and its weakening leads to increased morbidity. The microbiota also plays an important role, the balance of which is often disturbed by inappropriate...
Less common manifestations of acute myocardial infarctionReview articles
MUDr. Tomáš Janota, CSc.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(5):316-318 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.052
Acute myocardial infarction has several typical manifestations that lead to further examinations necessary to confirm or exclude it. Even the lay population is educated about these manifestations. However, very often the manifestations of infarction are not typical. However, even patients without characteristic pain should not escape correct and early diagnosis. An infarction should therefore be considered even in the case of atypical pain, dyspnoea itself, nausea to vomiting, sweating attacks, palpitations, sudden general weakness to syncope, unclear anxiety, and restlessness, stroke or transient ischemic attack, sudden confusion to delirium, manifestations...
Does rutine screening for obstructive sleep apnea in obese men with type 2 diabetes make sense?Case report #E-version
MUDr. Jaromír Ožana, MUDr. Katarína Moravcová
Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):E1-E4 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2025.045
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an under-recognised complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to identify a simple BMI threshold that justifies OSA screening in obese men with T2DM. This cross-sectional study enrolled 135 men, all of whom underwent valid home cardiorespiratory polygraphy (HSAT). Any OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index, AHI ≥ 5 events·h-1) was present in 73 % of participants; BMI emerged as the primary predictor A BMI ≥ 30 kg·m-2 yielded 71 % sensitivity for detecting moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15 events·h-1). We therefore recommend routine OSA screening...
Umělá inteligence – příležitost, nebo hrozba?Editorial
doc. MUDr. Ondřej Volný, Ph.D.
Med. praxi. 2025;22(4):231